Repetitive head impacts among professional fighters: a pilot study evaluating Traumatic Encephalopathy Syndrome and postural balance.
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| Title: | Repetitive head impacts among professional fighters: a pilot study evaluating Traumatic Encephalopathy Syndrome and postural balance. |
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| Authors: | Conway Kleven, Brooke1,2 (AUTHOR) brooke.conway-kleven@unlv.edu, Chien, Lung-Chang2 (AUTHOR), Young, Daniel L.3 (AUTHOR), Cross, Chad L.2 (AUTHOR), Labus, Brian2 (AUTHOR), Bernick, Charles4 (AUTHOR) |
| Source: | Physician & Sportsmedicine. Oct2024, Vol. 52 Issue 5, p513-519. 7p. |
| Subject Terms: | Chronic traumatic encephalopathy, Equilibrium testing, Head injuries, Generalized estimating equations, Athletes' health, Professional athletes |
| Abstract: | Objectives: Clinical criteria for Traumatic Encephalopathy Syndrome (ccTES) were developed for research purposes to reflect the clinical symptoms of Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE). The aims of this study were to 1) determine whether there was an association between the research diagnosis of TES and impaired postural balance among retired professional fighters, and 2) determine repetitive head impacts (RHI) exposure thresholds among both TES positive and TES negative groups in retired professional fighters when evaluating for balance impairment. Methods: This was a pilot study evaluating postural balance among participants of the Professional Athletes Brain Health Study (PABHS). Among the cohort, 57 retired professional fighters met the criteria for inclusion in this study. A generalized linear model with generalized estimating equations was used to compare various balance measures longitudinally between fighters with and without TES. Results: A significant association was observed between a TES diagnosis and worsening performance on double-leg balance assessments when stratifying by RHI exposure thresholds. Additionally, elevated exposure to RHI was significantly associated with increased odds of developing TES; The odds for TES diagnosis were 563% (95% CI = 113, 1963; p-value = 0.0011) greater among athletes with 32 or more professional fights compared to athletes with less than 32 fights when stratifying by balance measures. Likewise, the odds for TES diagnosis were 43% (95% CI = 10, 102; p-value = 0.0439) greater with worsening double leg stance balance in athletes exposed to 32 or more fights. Conclusion: This pilot study provides preliminary evidence of a relationship between declining postural balance and a TES diagnosis among retired professional fighters with elevated RHI exposure. Further research exploring more complex assessments such as the Functional Gait Assessment may be of benefit to improve clinical understanding of the relationship between TES, RHI, and balance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Copyright of Physician & Sportsmedicine is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) | |
| Database: | Education Research Complete |
| FullText | Text: Availability: 0 |
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| Header | DbId: ehh DbLabel: Education Research Complete An: 179637828 AccessLevel: 6 PubType: Academic Journal PubTypeId: academicJournal PreciseRelevancyScore: 0 |
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| Items | – Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: Repetitive head impacts among professional fighters: a pilot study evaluating Traumatic Encephalopathy Syndrome and postural balance. – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Conway+Kleven%2C+Brooke%22">Conway Kleven, Brooke</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> brooke.conway-kleven@unlv.edu</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Chien%2C+Lung-Chang%22">Chien, Lung-Chang</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Young%2C+Daniel+L%2E%22">Young, Daniel L.</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Cross%2C+Chad+L%2E%22">Cross, Chad L.</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Labus%2C+Brian%22">Labus, Brian</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Bernick%2C+Charles%22">Bernick, Charles</searchLink><relatesTo>4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR) – Name: TitleSource Label: Source Group: Src Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Physician+%26+Sportsmedicine%22">Physician & Sportsmedicine</searchLink>. Oct2024, Vol. 52 Issue 5, p513-519. 7p. – Name: Subject Label: Subject Terms Group: Su Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Chronic+traumatic+encephalopathy%22">Chronic traumatic encephalopathy</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Equilibrium+testing%22">Equilibrium testing</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Head+injuries%22">Head injuries</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Generalized+estimating+equations%22">Generalized estimating equations</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Athletes'+health%22">Athletes' health</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Professional+athletes%22">Professional athletes</searchLink> – Name: Abstract Label: Abstract Group: Ab Data: Objectives: Clinical criteria for Traumatic Encephalopathy Syndrome (ccTES) were developed for research purposes to reflect the clinical symptoms of Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE). The aims of this study were to 1) determine whether there was an association between the research diagnosis of TES and impaired postural balance among retired professional fighters, and 2) determine repetitive head impacts (RHI) exposure thresholds among both TES positive and TES negative groups in retired professional fighters when evaluating for balance impairment. Methods: This was a pilot study evaluating postural balance among participants of the Professional Athletes Brain Health Study (PABHS). Among the cohort, 57 retired professional fighters met the criteria for inclusion in this study. A generalized linear model with generalized estimating equations was used to compare various balance measures longitudinally between fighters with and without TES. Results: A significant association was observed between a TES diagnosis and worsening performance on double-leg balance assessments when stratifying by RHI exposure thresholds. Additionally, elevated exposure to RHI was significantly associated with increased odds of developing TES; The odds for TES diagnosis were 563% (95% CI = 113, 1963; p-value = 0.0011) greater among athletes with 32 or more professional fights compared to athletes with less than 32 fights when stratifying by balance measures. Likewise, the odds for TES diagnosis were 43% (95% CI = 10, 102; p-value = 0.0439) greater with worsening double leg stance balance in athletes exposed to 32 or more fights. Conclusion: This pilot study provides preliminary evidence of a relationship between declining postural balance and a TES diagnosis among retired professional fighters with elevated RHI exposure. Further research exploring more complex assessments such as the Functional Gait Assessment may be of benefit to improve clinical understanding of the relationship between TES, RHI, and balance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] – Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright Label: Group: Ab Data: <i>Copyright of Physician & Sportsmedicine is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) |
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| RecordInfo | BibRecord: BibEntity: Identifiers: – Type: doi Value: 10.1080/00913847.2024.2325331 Languages: – Code: eng Text: English PhysicalDescription: Pagination: PageCount: 7 StartPage: 513 Subjects: – SubjectFull: Chronic traumatic encephalopathy Type: general – SubjectFull: Equilibrium testing Type: general – SubjectFull: Head injuries Type: general – SubjectFull: Generalized estimating equations Type: general – SubjectFull: Athletes' health Type: general – SubjectFull: Professional athletes Type: general Titles: – TitleFull: Repetitive head impacts among professional fighters: a pilot study evaluating Traumatic Encephalopathy Syndrome and postural balance. Type: main BibRelationships: HasContributorRelationships: – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Conway Kleven, Brooke – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Chien, Lung-Chang – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Young, Daniel L. – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Cross, Chad L. – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Labus, Brian – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Bernick, Charles IsPartOfRelationships: – BibEntity: Dates: – D: 01 M: 10 Text: Oct2024 Type: published Y: 2024 Identifiers: – Type: issn-print Value: 00913847 Numbering: – Type: volume Value: 52 – Type: issue Value: 5 Titles: – TitleFull: Physician & Sportsmedicine Type: main |
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