Hearing What You Can't See: Influence of Face Masks on Speech Perception and Eye Movement by Adults With Hearing Loss.
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| Title: | Hearing What You Can't See: Influence of Face Masks on Speech Perception and Eye Movement by Adults With Hearing Loss. |
|---|---|
| Authors: | Fajardo, Inmaculada1,2 infabra@uv.es, Gómez-Merino, Nadina1,3, Ferrer, Antonio1,3, Rodríguez-Ortiz, Isabel R.2,3 |
| Source: | Journal of Speech, Language & Hearing Research. Oct2024, Vol. 67 Issue 10, p3841-3861. 21p. |
| Subject Terms: | *Audiovisual materials, *Speech perception, *Hearing disorders, *Intelligence tests, Mouth, Research funding, Eye, Descriptive statistics, Medical masks, Case-control method, Eye movements |
| Abstract: | Purpose: The aim of the study was to analyze how face masks influence speech perception and time spent looking at the speaker's mouth and eyes by adults with and without hearing loss. Method: Twenty participants with hearing loss and 20 without were asked to repeat Spanish words presented in various conditions, including different types of face masks (no mask, transparent window mask, and opaque mask FFP2) and presentation modes (audiovisual, video only, and audio only). Recognition accuraacy and the percentage of time looking at the speaker's eyes and mouth (dwell time) were measured. Results: In the audiovisual condition, participants with hearing loss had significantly better word recognition scores when the speaker wore no mask compared to when they wore an opaque face mask. However, there were no differences between the transparent mask and no mask conditions. For those with typical hearing, the type of face mask did not affect speech recognition. Audiovisual presentation consistently improved speech recognition for participants with hearing loss across all face mask conditions, but for those with typical hearing, it only improved compared to video-only mode. These participants demonstrated a ceiling effect in audiovisual and audio-only modes. Regarding eye movement patterns, participants spent less time looking at the speaker's mouth and more time at the eyes when the speaker wore an opaque mask compared to no mask or a transparent mask. Conclusion: The use of transparent face masks (ClearMask-type model) is recommended in contexts where face masks are still used (hospitals) to prevent the hindering effect of opaque masks (FFP2-type model) in speech perception among people with hearing loss, provided that any fogging of the window of the transparent mask is controlled by wiping it off as needed and the light is in front of the speaker to minimize shadows. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Copyright of Journal of Speech, Language & Hearing Research is the property of American Speech-Language-Hearing Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) | |
| Database: | Education Research Complete |
| FullText | Links: – Type: pdflink Text: Availability: 0 |
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| Header | DbId: ehh DbLabel: Education Research Complete An: 180161849 AccessLevel: 6 PubType: Academic Journal PubTypeId: academicJournal PreciseRelevancyScore: 0 |
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| Items | – Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: Hearing What You Can't See: Influence of Face Masks on Speech Perception and Eye Movement by Adults With Hearing Loss. – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Fajardo%2C+Inmaculada%22">Fajardo, Inmaculada</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo><i> infabra@uv.es</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Gómez-Merino%2C+Nadina%22">Gómez-Merino, Nadina</searchLink><relatesTo>1,3</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ferrer%2C+Antonio%22">Ferrer, Antonio</searchLink><relatesTo>1,3</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Rodríguez-Ortiz%2C+Isabel+R%2E%22">Rodríguez-Ortiz, Isabel R.</searchLink><relatesTo>2,3</relatesTo> – Name: TitleSource Label: Source Group: Src Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+Speech%2C+Language+%26+Hearing+Research%22">Journal of Speech, Language & Hearing Research</searchLink>. Oct2024, Vol. 67 Issue 10, p3841-3861. 21p. – Name: Subject Label: Subject Terms Group: Su Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Audiovisual+materials%22">Audiovisual materials</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Speech+perception%22">Speech perception</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Hearing+disorders%22">Hearing disorders</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Intelligence+tests%22">Intelligence tests</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mouth%22">Mouth</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Research+funding%22">Research funding</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Eye%22">Eye</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Descriptive+statistics%22">Descriptive statistics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Medical+masks%22">Medical masks</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Case-control+method%22">Case-control method</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Eye+movements%22">Eye movements</searchLink> – Name: Abstract Label: Abstract Group: Ab Data: Purpose: The aim of the study was to analyze how face masks influence speech perception and time spent looking at the speaker's mouth and eyes by adults with and without hearing loss. Method: Twenty participants with hearing loss and 20 without were asked to repeat Spanish words presented in various conditions, including different types of face masks (no mask, transparent window mask, and opaque mask FFP2) and presentation modes (audiovisual, video only, and audio only). Recognition accuraacy and the percentage of time looking at the speaker's eyes and mouth (dwell time) were measured. Results: In the audiovisual condition, participants with hearing loss had significantly better word recognition scores when the speaker wore no mask compared to when they wore an opaque face mask. However, there were no differences between the transparent mask and no mask conditions. For those with typical hearing, the type of face mask did not affect speech recognition. Audiovisual presentation consistently improved speech recognition for participants with hearing loss across all face mask conditions, but for those with typical hearing, it only improved compared to video-only mode. These participants demonstrated a ceiling effect in audiovisual and audio-only modes. Regarding eye movement patterns, participants spent less time looking at the speaker's mouth and more time at the eyes when the speaker wore an opaque mask compared to no mask or a transparent mask. Conclusion: The use of transparent face masks (ClearMask-type model) is recommended in contexts where face masks are still used (hospitals) to prevent the hindering effect of opaque masks (FFP2-type model) in speech perception among people with hearing loss, provided that any fogging of the window of the transparent mask is controlled by wiping it off as needed and the light is in front of the speaker to minimize shadows. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] – Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright Label: Group: Ab Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Speech, Language & Hearing Research is the property of American Speech-Language-Hearing Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) |
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| RecordInfo | BibRecord: BibEntity: Identifiers: – Type: doi Value: 10.1044/2024_JSLHR-22-00562 Languages: – Code: eng Text: English PhysicalDescription: Pagination: PageCount: 21 StartPage: 3841 Subjects: – SubjectFull: Audiovisual materials Type: general – SubjectFull: Speech perception Type: general – SubjectFull: Hearing disorders Type: general – SubjectFull: Intelligence tests Type: general – SubjectFull: Mouth Type: general – SubjectFull: Research funding Type: general – SubjectFull: Eye Type: general – SubjectFull: Descriptive statistics Type: general – SubjectFull: Medical masks Type: general – SubjectFull: Case-control method Type: general – SubjectFull: Eye movements Type: general Titles: – TitleFull: Hearing What You Can't See: Influence of Face Masks on Speech Perception and Eye Movement by Adults With Hearing Loss. Type: main BibRelationships: HasContributorRelationships: – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Fajardo, Inmaculada – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Gómez-Merino, Nadina – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Ferrer, Antonio – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Rodríguez-Ortiz, Isabel R. IsPartOfRelationships: – BibEntity: Dates: – D: 01 M: 10 Text: Oct2024 Type: published Y: 2024 Identifiers: – Type: issn-print Value: 10924388 Numbering: – Type: volume Value: 67 – Type: issue Value: 10 Titles: – TitleFull: Journal of Speech, Language & Hearing Research Type: main |
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