Age-related differences in metacognitive reactivity in younger and older adults.
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| Title: | Age-related differences in metacognitive reactivity in younger and older adults. |
|---|---|
| Authors: | Murphy, Dillon H.1 (AUTHOR) Dillon.Murphy@asu.edu, Rhodes, Matthew G.2 (AUTHOR), Castel, Alan D.1 (AUTHOR) |
| Source: | Metacognition & Learning. Dec2024, Vol. 19 Issue 3, p863-877. 15p. |
| Subject Terms: | *Cognitive load, *Metacognition, *Memory, Older people, Semantic memory, Legal judgments |
| Abstract: | When we monitor our learning, often measured via judgments of learning (JOLs), this metacognitive process can change what is remembered. For example, prior work has demonstrated that making JOLs enhances memory for related, but not unrelated, word pairs in younger adults. In the current study, we examined potential age-related differences in metacognitive reactivity. Younger and older adults studied lists of related and unrelated word pairs to remember for a later cued recall test where they would be presented with one of the words from the pair and be asked to recall its associate. Additionally, participants either made a JOL for each pair or had an inter-stimulus interval of equal duration as the JOL period. Results revealed that while making metacognitive judgments did not significantly affect memory in younger adults (i.e., no reactivity), this procedure impaired memory in older adults (i.e., negative reactivity), particularly for unrelated word pairs. Specifically, older adults demonstrated better cued recall when each word was followed by an inter-stimulus interval than when asked to predict the likelihood of remembering each word during the study phase. This may be a consequence of JOLs increasing task demands/cognitive load, which could reduce the elaborative encoding of associations between word pairs in older adults, but older adults' preserved or even enhanced semantic memory may mask negative reactivity for related word pairs. Future work is needed to better understand the mechanisms contributing to the reactivity effects in younger and older adults for different types of to-be-remembered information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Copyright of Metacognition & Learning is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) | |
| Database: | Education Research Complete |
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| Header | DbId: ehh DbLabel: Education Research Complete An: 180499023 AccessLevel: 6 PubType: Academic Journal PubTypeId: academicJournal PreciseRelevancyScore: 0 |
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| Items | – Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: Age-related differences in metacognitive reactivity in younger and older adults. – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Murphy%2C+Dillon+H%2E%22">Murphy, Dillon H.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> Dillon.Murphy@asu.edu</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Rhodes%2C+Matthew+G%2E%22">Rhodes, Matthew G.</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Castel%2C+Alan+D%2E%22">Castel, Alan D.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR) – Name: TitleSource Label: Source Group: Src Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Metacognition+%26+Learning%22">Metacognition & Learning</searchLink>. Dec2024, Vol. 19 Issue 3, p863-877. 15p. – Name: Subject Label: Subject Terms Group: Su Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cognitive+load%22">Cognitive load</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Metacognition%22">Metacognition</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Memory%22">Memory</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Older+people%22">Older people</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Semantic+memory%22">Semantic memory</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Legal+judgments%22">Legal judgments</searchLink> – Name: Abstract Label: Abstract Group: Ab Data: When we monitor our learning, often measured via judgments of learning (JOLs), this metacognitive process can change what is remembered. For example, prior work has demonstrated that making JOLs enhances memory for related, but not unrelated, word pairs in younger adults. In the current study, we examined potential age-related differences in metacognitive reactivity. Younger and older adults studied lists of related and unrelated word pairs to remember for a later cued recall test where they would be presented with one of the words from the pair and be asked to recall its associate. Additionally, participants either made a JOL for each pair or had an inter-stimulus interval of equal duration as the JOL period. Results revealed that while making metacognitive judgments did not significantly affect memory in younger adults (i.e., no reactivity), this procedure impaired memory in older adults (i.e., negative reactivity), particularly for unrelated word pairs. Specifically, older adults demonstrated better cued recall when each word was followed by an inter-stimulus interval than when asked to predict the likelihood of remembering each word during the study phase. This may be a consequence of JOLs increasing task demands/cognitive load, which could reduce the elaborative encoding of associations between word pairs in older adults, but older adults' preserved or even enhanced semantic memory may mask negative reactivity for related word pairs. Future work is needed to better understand the mechanisms contributing to the reactivity effects in younger and older adults for different types of to-be-remembered information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] – Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright Label: Group: Ab Data: <i>Copyright of Metacognition & Learning is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) |
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| RecordInfo | BibRecord: BibEntity: Identifiers: – Type: doi Value: 10.1007/s11409-024-09391-0 Languages: – Code: eng Text: English PhysicalDescription: Pagination: PageCount: 15 StartPage: 863 Subjects: – SubjectFull: Cognitive load Type: general – SubjectFull: Metacognition Type: general – SubjectFull: Memory Type: general – SubjectFull: Older people Type: general – SubjectFull: Semantic memory Type: general – SubjectFull: Legal judgments Type: general Titles: – TitleFull: Age-related differences in metacognitive reactivity in younger and older adults. Type: main BibRelationships: HasContributorRelationships: – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Murphy, Dillon H. – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Rhodes, Matthew G. – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Castel, Alan D. IsPartOfRelationships: – BibEntity: Dates: – D: 01 M: 12 Text: Dec2024 Type: published Y: 2024 Identifiers: – Type: issn-print Value: 15561623 Numbering: – Type: volume Value: 19 – Type: issue Value: 3 Titles: – TitleFull: Metacognition & Learning Type: main |
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