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Empathy in family medicine postgraduate education: A mixed studies systematic review.

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Title: Empathy in family medicine postgraduate education: A mixed studies systematic review.
Authors: Ortiz-Paredes, David1, Adam Henet, Peterson2,3, Desseilles, Martin4, Rodríguez, Charo1,5 charo.rodriguez@mcgill.ca
Source: Medical Teacher. Feb2025, Vol. 47 Issue 2, p275-291. 17p.
Subject Terms: *Empathy, *Emotion regulation, *Medical education, *Curriculum planning, *Masters programs (Higher education), Medical information storage & retrieval systems, Family medicine, Research funding, Descriptive statistics, Systematic reviews, MEDLINE, Physician-patient relations, Online information services, Psychology information storage & retrieval systems
Abstract: Purpose: Empathy is an important construct in patient-physician relationships, particularly critical in family physicians' daily practice. We aimed to understand how empathy has been conceived and integrated into family medicine postgraduate training. Materials and Methods: Medline, PsyINFO, and Embase were searched in this systematic mixed studies systematic review. Two independent reviewers screened abstracts and full texts. Disagreements were solved through research team consensus-based discussion. Included studies were synthesized thematically. Results: A total of 18 studies were included. Four themes were identified. (1) Empathy definition. Included studies stressed the cognitive component of empathy, paired either with a behavioural or an affective response. (2) Empathy modifiers. Starting residency right after medical school, having a role model, having high empathy levels before residency, having children, being married, and being exposed to patient involvement in education were found to have a positive impact on empathy. (3) Empathy-burnout relationship. Whereas greater burnout was related to lower empathy levels, excess empathy seems to favour burnout through 'compassion fatigue.' (4) Educational programs for empathy development. Five programs were identified: a communication workshop, a patient-led program, a mindfulness program, a family-oriented intervention, and an arts-based program. Conclusions: Studies mostly measured the cognitive component of empathy. The moral component of empathy was underrepresented in the conceptualization of empathy and the development of educational interventions. Conflicting evidence exists regarding the decline of empathy levels during the family medicine residency. Longitudinal designs should be privileged when exploring the evolution of empathy levels across the continuum of medical education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Medical Teacher is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Empathy in family medicine postgraduate education: A mixed studies systematic review.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ortiz-Paredes%2C+David%22">Ortiz-Paredes, David</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Adam+Henet%2C+Peterson%22">Adam Henet, Peterson</searchLink><relatesTo>2,3</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Desseilles%2C+Martin%22">Desseilles, Martin</searchLink><relatesTo>4</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Rodríguez%2C+Charo%22">Rodríguez, Charo</searchLink><relatesTo>1,5</relatesTo><i> charo.rodriguez@mcgill.ca</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Medical+Teacher%22">Medical Teacher</searchLink>. Feb2025, Vol. 47 Issue 2, p275-291. 17p.
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  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Empathy%22">Empathy</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Emotion+regulation%22">Emotion regulation</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Medical+education%22">Medical education</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Curriculum+planning%22">Curriculum planning</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Masters+programs+%28Higher+education%29%22">Masters programs (Higher education)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Medical+information+storage+%26+retrieval+systems%22">Medical information storage & retrieval systems</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Family+medicine%22">Family medicine</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Research+funding%22">Research funding</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Descriptive+statistics%22">Descriptive statistics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Systematic+reviews%22">Systematic reviews</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22MEDLINE%22">MEDLINE</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Physician-patient+relations%22">Physician-patient relations</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Online+information+services%22">Online information services</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Psychology+information+storage+%26+retrieval+systems%22">Psychology information storage & retrieval systems</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Purpose: Empathy is an important construct in patient-physician relationships, particularly critical in family physicians' daily practice. We aimed to understand how empathy has been conceived and integrated into family medicine postgraduate training. Materials and Methods: Medline, PsyINFO, and Embase were searched in this systematic mixed studies systematic review. Two independent reviewers screened abstracts and full texts. Disagreements were solved through research team consensus-based discussion. Included studies were synthesized thematically. Results: A total of 18 studies were included. Four themes were identified. (1) Empathy definition. Included studies stressed the cognitive component of empathy, paired either with a behavioural or an affective response. (2) Empathy modifiers. Starting residency right after medical school, having a role model, having high empathy levels before residency, having children, being married, and being exposed to patient involvement in education were found to have a positive impact on empathy. (3) Empathy-burnout relationship. Whereas greater burnout was related to lower empathy levels, excess empathy seems to favour burnout through 'compassion fatigue.' (4) Educational programs for empathy development. Five programs were identified: a communication workshop, a patient-led program, a mindfulness program, a family-oriented intervention, and an arts-based program. Conclusions: Studies mostly measured the cognitive component of empathy. The moral component of empathy was underrepresented in the conceptualization of empathy and the development of educational interventions. Conflicting evidence exists regarding the decline of empathy levels during the family medicine residency. Longitudinal designs should be privileged when exploring the evolution of empathy levels across the continuum of medical education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Medical Teacher is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1080/0142159X.2024.2328324
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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      Pagination:
        PageCount: 17
        StartPage: 275
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Empathy
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Emotion regulation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Medical education
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Curriculum planning
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Masters programs (Higher education)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Medical information storage & retrieval systems
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Family medicine
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Research funding
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      – SubjectFull: Descriptive statistics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Systematic reviews
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: MEDLINE
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      – SubjectFull: Physician-patient relations
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      – SubjectFull: Online information services
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      – SubjectFull: Psychology information storage & retrieval systems
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    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Empathy in family medicine postgraduate education: A mixed studies systematic review.
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              Text: Feb2025
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