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Multimodal Adaptations to Expiratory Musculature-Targeted Resistance Training: A Preliminary Study in Healthy Young Adults.

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Title: Multimodal Adaptations to Expiratory Musculature-Targeted Resistance Training: A Preliminary Study in Healthy Young Adults.
Authors: Krishnamurthy, Rahul1,2 rkrishnamurthy@unmc.edu, Schultz, Douglas H.3,4, Yingying Wang2,3, Natarajan, Sathish Kumar5, Barlow, Steven M.2,3,6, Dietsch, Angela M.2,3
Source: Journal of Speech, Language & Hearing Research. Mar2025, Vol. 68 Issue 3, p987-1005. 19p.
Subject Terms: *Exercise physiology, *Brain, Statistical models, Physiological adaptation, Phosphorylation, Research funding, Respiration, Neuroplasticity, Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, Descriptive statistics, Magnetic resonance imaging, Cellular signal transduction, Resistance training, Serum, Brain-derived neurotrophic factor, Protein-tyrosine kinases, Somatomedin, Respiratory muscles, Respiratory mechanics, Deglutition disorders, Cell receptors, Blood
Abstract: Purpose: Exercise-induced adaptations, including neuroplasticity, are well studied for physical exercise that targets skeletal muscles. However, little is known about the neuroplastic potential of targeted speech and swallowing exercises. The current study aimed to gather preliminary data on molecular and functional changes associated with the neuroplastic effects of 4-week expiratory musculature-targeted resistance training in healthy young adults. Method: Five healthy young adult men aged between 19 and 35 years, M (SD) = 28.8 (2.68) years, underwent 4 weeks of expiratory muscle strength training (EMST). We measured changes in maximum expiratory pressure (MEP), serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) levels at baseline and posttraining conditions. Furthermore, functional and structural magnetic resonance images were obtained to investigate the neuroplastic effects of EMST. We analyzed the effects of training using a linear mixed model for each outcome, with fixed effects for baseline and posttraining. Results: MEP and serum BDNF levels significantly increased posttraining. However, this effect was not observed for IGF-1. A significant increase in functional activation in eight regions was also observed posttraining. However, we did not observe significant changes in the white matter microstructure. Conclusions: Preliminary data from our study suggest targeted resistance training of expiratory muscles results in molecular and neuroplastic adaptations similar to exercise that targets skeletal muscles. Additionally, these results suggest that EMST could be a potential intervention to modulate (or prime) neurotrophic signaling pathways linked to functional strength gains and neuroplasticity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Speech, Language & Hearing Research is the property of American Speech-Language-Hearing Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Education Research Complete
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  Data: Multimodal Adaptations to Expiratory Musculature-Targeted Resistance Training: A Preliminary Study in Healthy Young Adults.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Krishnamurthy%2C+Rahul%22">Krishnamurthy, Rahul</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo><i> rkrishnamurthy@unmc.edu</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Schultz%2C+Douglas+H%2E%22">Schultz, Douglas H.</searchLink><relatesTo>3,4</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Yingying+Wang%22">Yingying Wang</searchLink><relatesTo>2,3</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Natarajan%2C+Sathish+Kumar%22">Natarajan, Sathish Kumar</searchLink><relatesTo>5</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Barlow%2C+Steven+M%2E%22">Barlow, Steven M.</searchLink><relatesTo>2,3,6</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Dietsch%2C+Angela+M%2E%22">Dietsch, Angela M.</searchLink><relatesTo>2,3</relatesTo>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+Speech%2C+Language+%26+Hearing+Research%22">Journal of Speech, Language & Hearing Research</searchLink>. Mar2025, Vol. 68 Issue 3, p987-1005. 19p.
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  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Exercise+physiology%22">Exercise physiology</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Brain%22">Brain</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Statistical+models%22">Statistical models</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Physiological+adaptation%22">Physiological adaptation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Phosphorylation%22">Phosphorylation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Research+funding%22">Research funding</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Respiration%22">Respiration</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Neuroplasticity%22">Neuroplasticity</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Enzyme-linked+immunosorbent+assay%22">Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Descriptive+statistics%22">Descriptive statistics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Magnetic+resonance+imaging%22">Magnetic resonance imaging</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cellular+signal+transduction%22">Cellular signal transduction</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Resistance+training%22">Resistance training</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Serum%22">Serum</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Brain-derived+neurotrophic+factor%22">Brain-derived neurotrophic factor</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Protein-tyrosine+kinases%22">Protein-tyrosine kinases</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Somatomedin%22">Somatomedin</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Respiratory+muscles%22">Respiratory muscles</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Respiratory+mechanics%22">Respiratory mechanics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Deglutition+disorders%22">Deglutition disorders</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cell+receptors%22">Cell receptors</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Blood%22">Blood</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Purpose: Exercise-induced adaptations, including neuroplasticity, are well studied for physical exercise that targets skeletal muscles. However, little is known about the neuroplastic potential of targeted speech and swallowing exercises. The current study aimed to gather preliminary data on molecular and functional changes associated with the neuroplastic effects of 4-week expiratory musculature-targeted resistance training in healthy young adults. Method: Five healthy young adult men aged between 19 and 35 years, M (SD) = 28.8 (2.68) years, underwent 4 weeks of expiratory muscle strength training (EMST). We measured changes in maximum expiratory pressure (MEP), serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) levels at baseline and posttraining conditions. Furthermore, functional and structural magnetic resonance images were obtained to investigate the neuroplastic effects of EMST. We analyzed the effects of training using a linear mixed model for each outcome, with fixed effects for baseline and posttraining. Results: MEP and serum BDNF levels significantly increased posttraining. However, this effect was not observed for IGF-1. A significant increase in functional activation in eight regions was also observed posttraining. However, we did not observe significant changes in the white matter microstructure. Conclusions: Preliminary data from our study suggest targeted resistance training of expiratory muscles results in molecular and neuroplastic adaptations similar to exercise that targets skeletal muscles. Additionally, these results suggest that EMST could be a potential intervention to modulate (or prime) neurotrophic signaling pathways linked to functional strength gains and neuroplasticity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Speech, Language & Hearing Research is the property of American Speech-Language-Hearing Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1044/2024_JSLHR-24-00294
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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      – SubjectFull: Exercise physiology
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Brain
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      – SubjectFull: Statistical models
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      – SubjectFull: Physiological adaptation
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      – SubjectFull: Phosphorylation
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      – SubjectFull: Research funding
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Respiration
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      – SubjectFull: Neuroplasticity
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      – SubjectFull: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
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      – SubjectFull: Magnetic resonance imaging
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      – SubjectFull: Cellular signal transduction
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      – SubjectFull: Resistance training
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      – SubjectFull: Serum
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      – SubjectFull: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor
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      – SubjectFull: Somatomedin
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      – TitleFull: Multimodal Adaptations to Expiratory Musculature-Targeted Resistance Training: A Preliminary Study in Healthy Young Adults.
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              Text: Mar2025
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