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Variation exists in the expression of romantic love: A cluster analytic study of young adults experiencing romantic love.

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Title: Variation exists in the expression of romantic love: A cluster analytic study of young adults experiencing romantic love.
Authors: Bode, Adam1 (AUTHOR) adam.bode@anu.edu.au, Kavanagh, Phillip S.2,3 (AUTHOR)
Source: Personality & Individual Differences. Jun2025, Vol. 239, pN.PAG-N.PAG. 1p.
Subject Terms: *Young adults, *Interpersonal relations, Romantic love, Cluster analysis (Statistics), Hypothesis
Abstract: Variation exists in the expression of romantic love, but to date, no studies have specifically investigated this phenomenon. This study employed a TwoStep cluster analysis to group 809 partnered young adults experiencing romantic love from the Romantic Love Survey 2022 according to intensity of romantic love, obsessive thinking, commitment, and frequency of sex per week. The results revealed four clusters: (i) mild romantic lovers (20.02 %) characterized by the lowest intensity, lowest obsessive thinking, lowest commitment, and lowest frequency of sex; (ii) moderate romantic lovers (40.91 %), characterized by relatively low intensity, relatively low obsessive thinking, relatively high commitment, and relatively moderate frequency of sex; (iii) libidinous romantic lovers (9.64 %), characterized by relatively high intensity, relatively high obsessive thinking, relatively high commitment, and exceptionally high frequency of sex; and (iv) intense romantic lovers (29.42 %), characterized by the highest intensity, highest obsessive thinking, highest commitment, and relatively high frequency of sex. Each cluster differs on a range of personal and relationship characteristics. The findings can generate theory and hypotheses about romantic love and provide impetus for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Personality & Individual Differences is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Education Research Complete
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  Data: Variation exists in the expression of romantic love: A cluster analytic study of young adults experiencing romantic love.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Bode%2C+Adam%22">Bode, Adam</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> adam.bode@anu.edu.au</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kavanagh%2C+Phillip+S%2E%22">Kavanagh, Phillip S.</searchLink><relatesTo>2,3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Personality+%26+Individual+Differences%22">Personality & Individual Differences</searchLink>. Jun2025, Vol. 239, pN.PAG-N.PAG. 1p.
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  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Young+adults%22">Young adults</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Interpersonal+relations%22">Interpersonal relations</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Romantic+love%22">Romantic love</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cluster+analysis+%28Statistics%29%22">Cluster analysis (Statistics)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Hypothesis%22">Hypothesis</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
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  Data: Variation exists in the expression of romantic love, but to date, no studies have specifically investigated this phenomenon. This study employed a TwoStep cluster analysis to group 809 partnered young adults experiencing romantic love from the Romantic Love Survey 2022 according to intensity of romantic love, obsessive thinking, commitment, and frequency of sex per week. The results revealed four clusters: (i) mild romantic lovers (20.02 %) characterized by the lowest intensity, lowest obsessive thinking, lowest commitment, and lowest frequency of sex; (ii) moderate romantic lovers (40.91 %), characterized by relatively low intensity, relatively low obsessive thinking, relatively high commitment, and relatively moderate frequency of sex; (iii) libidinous romantic lovers (9.64 %), characterized by relatively high intensity, relatively high obsessive thinking, relatively high commitment, and exceptionally high frequency of sex; and (iv) intense romantic lovers (29.42 %), characterized by the highest intensity, highest obsessive thinking, highest commitment, and relatively high frequency of sex. Each cluster differs on a range of personal and relationship characteristics. The findings can generate theory and hypotheses about romantic love and provide impetus for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Personality & Individual Differences is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1016/j.paid.2025.113108
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 1
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      – SubjectFull: Young adults
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Interpersonal relations
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Romantic love
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Cluster analysis (Statistics)
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      – SubjectFull: Hypothesis
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              Text: Jun2025
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              Y: 2025
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