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Fatness but Not Fitness Linked to BrainAge: Longitudinal Changes in Brain Aging during an Exercise Intervention.

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Title: Fatness but Not Fitness Linked to BrainAge: Longitudinal Changes in Brain Aging during an Exercise Intervention.
Authors: WING, DAVID1,2 dwing@ucsd.edu, EYLER, LISA T.3,4 lteyler@health.ucsd.edu, LENZE, ERIC J.5 lenzee@wustl.edu, WETHERELL, JULIE LOEBACH3,6 jwetherell@health.ucsd.edu, NICHOLS, JEANNE F.1,2 j6nichols@eng.ucsd.edu, MEEUSEN, ROMAIN7,8 romain.meeusen@vub.be, GODINO, JOB G.1,2 jgodino@eng.ucsd.edu, SHIMONY, JOSHUA S.9 shimonyj@wustl.edu, SNYDER, ABRAHAM Z.9 azsnyder@wustl.edu, NISHINO, TOMOYUKI5 tnishino@wustl.edu, NICOL, GINGER E.5 nicolg@wustl.edu, NAGELS, GUY10 guy.nagels@gmail.com, ROELANDS, BART7,8 Bart.Roelands@vub.be
Source: Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. Apr2024, Vol. 56 Issue 4, p655-662. 8p.
Subject Terms: *Body composition, *Physical fitness, Brain physiology, Adipose tissues, Exercise therapy, Statistical sampling, Evaluation of human services programs, Randomized controlled trials, Magnetic resonance imaging, Sleep, Aerobic exercises, Physical activity, Active aging
Abstract: Purpose: Fitness, physical activity, body composition, and sleep have all been proposed to explain differences in brain health. We hypothesized that an exercise intervention would result in improved fitness and body composition and would be associated with improved structural brain health. Methods: In a randomized controlled trial, we studied 485 older adults who engaged in an exercise intervention (n = 225) or a nonexercise comparison condition (n = 260). Using magnetic resonance imaging, we estimated the physiological age of the brain (BrainAge) and derived a predicted age difference compared with chronological age (brain-predicted age difference (BrainPAD)). Aerobic capacity, physical activity, sleep, and body composition were assessed and their impact on BrainPAD explored. Results: There were no significant differences between experimental groups for any variable at any time point. The intervention group gained fitness, improved body composition, and increased total sleep time but did not have significant changes in BrainPAD. Analyses of changes in BrainPAD independent of group assignment indicated significant associations with changes in body fat percentage (r (479) = 0.154, P = 0.001), and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) (r (478) = 0.141, P = 0.002), but not fitness (r (406) = −0.075, P = 0.129), sleep (r (467) range, −0.017 to 0.063; P range, 0.171 to 0.710), or physical activity (r (471) = −0.035, P = 0.444). With linear regression, changes in body fat percentage and VAT significantly predicted changes in BrainPAD (β = 0.948, P = 0.003) with 1-kg change in VAT predicting 0.948 yr of change in BrainPAD. Conclusions: In cognitively normal older adults, exercise did not appear to impact BrainPAD, although it was effective in improving fitness and body composition. Changes in body composition, but not fitness, physical activity, or sleep impacted BrainPAD. These findings suggest that focus on weight control, particularly reduction of central obesity, could be an interventional target to promote healthier brains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise is the property of Lippincott Williams & Wilkins and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Fatness but Not Fitness Linked to BrainAge: Longitudinal Changes in Brain Aging during an Exercise Intervention.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22WING%2C+DAVID%22">WING, DAVID</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo><i> dwing@ucsd.edu</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22EYLER%2C+LISA+T%2E%22">EYLER, LISA T.</searchLink><relatesTo>3,4</relatesTo><i> lteyler@health.ucsd.edu</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22LENZE%2C+ERIC+J%2E%22">LENZE, ERIC J.</searchLink><relatesTo>5</relatesTo><i> lenzee@wustl.edu</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22WETHERELL%2C+JULIE+LOEBACH%22">WETHERELL, JULIE LOEBACH</searchLink><relatesTo>3,6</relatesTo><i> jwetherell@health.ucsd.edu</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22NICHOLS%2C+JEANNE+F%2E%22">NICHOLS, JEANNE F.</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo><i> j6nichols@eng.ucsd.edu</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22MEEUSEN%2C+ROMAIN%22">MEEUSEN, ROMAIN</searchLink><relatesTo>7,8</relatesTo><i> romain.meeusen@vub.be</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22GODINO%2C+JOB+G%2E%22">GODINO, JOB G.</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo><i> jgodino@eng.ucsd.edu</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22SHIMONY%2C+JOSHUA+S%2E%22">SHIMONY, JOSHUA S.</searchLink><relatesTo>9</relatesTo><i> shimonyj@wustl.edu</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22SNYDER%2C+ABRAHAM+Z%2E%22">SNYDER, ABRAHAM Z.</searchLink><relatesTo>9</relatesTo><i> azsnyder@wustl.edu</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22NISHINO%2C+TOMOYUKI%22">NISHINO, TOMOYUKI</searchLink><relatesTo>5</relatesTo><i> tnishino@wustl.edu</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22NICOL%2C+GINGER+E%2E%22">NICOL, GINGER E.</searchLink><relatesTo>5</relatesTo><i> nicolg@wustl.edu</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22NAGELS%2C+GUY%22">NAGELS, GUY</searchLink><relatesTo>10</relatesTo><i> guy.nagels@gmail.com</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22ROELANDS%2C+BART%22">ROELANDS, BART</searchLink><relatesTo>7,8</relatesTo><i> Bart.Roelands@vub.be</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Medicine+%26+Science+in+Sports+%26+Exercise%22">Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise</searchLink>. Apr2024, Vol. 56 Issue 4, p655-662. 8p.
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  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Body+composition%22">Body composition</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Physical+fitness%22">Physical fitness</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Brain+physiology%22">Brain physiology</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Adipose+tissues%22">Adipose tissues</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Exercise+therapy%22">Exercise therapy</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Statistical+sampling%22">Statistical sampling</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Evaluation+of+human+services+programs%22">Evaluation of human services programs</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Randomized+controlled+trials%22">Randomized controlled trials</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Magnetic+resonance+imaging%22">Magnetic resonance imaging</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sleep%22">Sleep</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Aerobic+exercises%22">Aerobic exercises</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Physical+activity%22">Physical activity</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Active+aging%22">Active aging</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Purpose: Fitness, physical activity, body composition, and sleep have all been proposed to explain differences in brain health. We hypothesized that an exercise intervention would result in improved fitness and body composition and would be associated with improved structural brain health. Methods: In a randomized controlled trial, we studied 485 older adults who engaged in an exercise intervention (n = 225) or a nonexercise comparison condition (n = 260). Using magnetic resonance imaging, we estimated the physiological age of the brain (BrainAge) and derived a predicted age difference compared with chronological age (brain-predicted age difference (BrainPAD)). Aerobic capacity, physical activity, sleep, and body composition were assessed and their impact on BrainPAD explored. Results: There were no significant differences between experimental groups for any variable at any time point. The intervention group gained fitness, improved body composition, and increased total sleep time but did not have significant changes in BrainPAD. Analyses of changes in BrainPAD independent of group assignment indicated significant associations with changes in body fat percentage (r (479) = 0.154, P = 0.001), and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) (r (478) = 0.141, P = 0.002), but not fitness (r (406) = −0.075, P = 0.129), sleep (r (467) range, −0.017 to 0.063; P range, 0.171 to 0.710), or physical activity (r (471) = −0.035, P = 0.444). With linear regression, changes in body fat percentage and VAT significantly predicted changes in BrainPAD (β = 0.948, P = 0.003) with 1-kg change in VAT predicting 0.948 yr of change in BrainPAD. Conclusions: In cognitively normal older adults, exercise did not appear to impact BrainPAD, although it was effective in improving fitness and body composition. Changes in body composition, but not fitness, physical activity, or sleep impacted BrainPAD. These findings suggest that focus on weight control, particularly reduction of central obesity, could be an interventional target to promote healthier brains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise is the property of Lippincott Williams & Wilkins and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000003337
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        Text: English
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      – SubjectFull: Body composition
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Physical fitness
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      – SubjectFull: Brain physiology
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      – SubjectFull: Adipose tissues
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      – SubjectFull: Exercise therapy
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      – SubjectFull: Randomized controlled trials
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      – SubjectFull: Magnetic resonance imaging
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      – SubjectFull: Sleep
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      – SubjectFull: Aerobic exercises
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      – SubjectFull: Physical activity
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      – SubjectFull: Active aging
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              Text: Apr2024
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