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Anatomy education in low-resourced countries: What are challenges and effective and affordable educational strategies? A qualitative study.

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Title: Anatomy education in low-resourced countries: What are challenges and effective and affordable educational strategies? A qualitative study.
Authors: Chang Chan, Ana Yoe Cheng1 yoecheng.chang@gmail.com, van Leeuwen, Maarten2, Custers, Eugene3, Bleys, Ronald4, ten Cate, Olle5
Source: Medical Teacher. May2025, Vol. 47 Issue 5, p883-893. 11p.
Subject Terms: *Medical education, *Qualitative research, *College teacher attitudes, *Medical schools, *Research methodology, *Teacher-student relationships, Middle-income countries, Anatomy, Interviewing, Questionnaires, Labor demand, Resource-limited settings, Organizational goals, Low-income countries
Geographic Terms: Africa, Asia, Latin America, Europe
Abstract: Purpose: With limited means, resource-deprived countries must find ways to organize education to meet standards. Few reports exist about anatomical education in LLMICs. This study explores how anatomy teaching is sustained in countries with few resources and which affordable educational strategies are applied to uphold quality. Methods: A mixed-methods study with anatomy teachers from public medical schools in low or lower-middle income countries (LLMICs) in Africa, Asia, Europe, and Latin-American was performed through survey via email combined with semi-structured online interview with teachers, exploring survey results at a deeper level. Results: LLMICs available to be surveyed, 13 and 8 were found to respond to a written survey and oral interview invitation, face significant teaching challenges, primarily due to lack of funds. These are faculty shortages (low salaries and high student-to-teacher ratio) and inadequate infrastructure (internet, electricity, poor classroom conditions). Solutions were associated with didactic strategies (social media, e-learning, image-based learning, applied anatomy), expanding teaching capacity with less qualified and part-time faculty, student-organized education, and self-financing (teaching resources subsidized by teachers and students). Which was triking was teacher commitment despite difficult circumstances. Teachers propose better faculty management, increased anatomy staff recruitment, and collaboration with other institutions. Conclusions: Anatomical education in LLMIC is forced to adapt to the socio-economic context, rather than to trends in medical education worldwide. These adaptations are supported mainly by the teachers 'commitment.' [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Medical Teacher is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Anatomy education in low-resourced countries: What are challenges and effective and affordable educational strategies? A qualitative study.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Medical+Teacher%22">Medical Teacher</searchLink>. May2025, Vol. 47 Issue 5, p883-893. 11p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Africa%22">Africa</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Asia%22">Asia</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Latin+America%22">Latin America</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Europe%22">Europe</searchLink>
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  Data: Purpose: With limited means, resource-deprived countries must find ways to organize education to meet standards. Few reports exist about anatomical education in LLMICs. This study explores how anatomy teaching is sustained in countries with few resources and which affordable educational strategies are applied to uphold quality. Methods: A mixed-methods study with anatomy teachers from public medical schools in low or lower-middle income countries (LLMICs) in Africa, Asia, Europe, and Latin-American was performed through survey via email combined with semi-structured online interview with teachers, exploring survey results at a deeper level. Results: LLMICs available to be surveyed, 13 and 8 were found to respond to a written survey and oral interview invitation, face significant teaching challenges, primarily due to lack of funds. These are faculty shortages (low salaries and high student-to-teacher ratio) and inadequate infrastructure (internet, electricity, poor classroom conditions). Solutions were associated with didactic strategies (social media, e-learning, image-based learning, applied anatomy), expanding teaching capacity with less qualified and part-time faculty, student-organized education, and self-financing (teaching resources subsidized by teachers and students). Which was triking was teacher commitment despite difficult circumstances. Teachers propose better faculty management, increased anatomy staff recruitment, and collaboration with other institutions. Conclusions: Anatomical education in LLMIC is forced to adapt to the socio-economic context, rather than to trends in medical education worldwide. These adaptations are supported mainly by the teachers 'commitment.' [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Medical Teacher is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1080/0142159X.2024.2383373
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 11
        StartPage: 883
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Medical education
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Qualitative research
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      – SubjectFull: College teacher attitudes
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      – SubjectFull: Medical schools
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      – SubjectFull: Teacher-student relationships
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              Text: May2025
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