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Different time courses of maturation for learning and generalization following auditory training in children.

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Title: Different time courses of maturation for learning and generalization following auditory training in children.
Authors: Zaltz, Y.1,2 yaelzaltz@gmail.com, Kishon-Rabin, L.1, Karni, A.3,4, Ari-Even Roth, D.1
Source: International Journal of Audiology. Jun2025, Vol. 64 Issue 6, p609-617. 9p.
Subject Terms: *Emotion regulation, *Experimental design, *Child development, *Auditory perception, *Learning strategies, *Comparative studies, Medical protocols, Research funding, Rehabilitation, Rehabilitation of children with disabilities, Age distribution, Musical perception, Acoustic stimulation, Hard of hearing people, Musical pitch, Time
Abstract: Objective: We recently demonstrated that learning abilities among school-age children vary following frequency discrimination (FD) training, with some exhibiting mature adult-like learning while others performing poorly (non-adult-like learners). This study tested the hypothesis that children's post-training generalisation is related to their learning maturity. Additionally, it investigated how training duration influences children's generalisation, considering the observed decrease with increased training in adults. Design: Generalisation to the untrained ear and untrained 2000 Hz frequency was assessed following single-session or nine-session 1000 Hz FD training, using an adaptive forced-choice procedure. Two additional groups served as controls for the untrained frequency. Study sample: Fifty-four children aged 7–9 years and 59 adults aged 18–30 years. Results: (1) Only adult-like learners generalised their learning gains across frequency or ear, albeit less efficiently than adults; (2) As training duration increased children experienced reduced generalisation, similar to adults; (3) Children's performance in the untrained tasks correlated strongly with their trained task performance after the first training session. Conclusions: Auditory skill learning and its generalisation do not necessarily mature contemporaneously, although mature learning is a prerequisite for mature generalisation. Furthermore, in children, as in adults, more practice makes rather specific experts. These findings should be considered when designing training programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of International Journal of Audiology is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Education Research Complete
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  Data: Different time courses of maturation for learning and generalization following auditory training in children.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zaltz%2C+Y%2E%22">Zaltz, Y.</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo><i> yaelzaltz@gmail.com</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kishon-Rabin%2C+L%2E%22">Kishon-Rabin, L.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Karni%2C+A%2E%22">Karni, A.</searchLink><relatesTo>3,4</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ari-Even+Roth%2C+D%2E%22">Ari-Even Roth, D.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22International+Journal+of+Audiology%22">International Journal of Audiology</searchLink>. Jun2025, Vol. 64 Issue 6, p609-617. 9p.
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  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Emotion+regulation%22">Emotion regulation</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Experimental+design%22">Experimental design</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Child+development%22">Child development</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Auditory+perception%22">Auditory perception</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Learning+strategies%22">Learning strategies</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Comparative+studies%22">Comparative studies</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Medical+protocols%22">Medical protocols</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Research+funding%22">Research funding</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Rehabilitation%22">Rehabilitation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Rehabilitation+of+children+with+disabilities%22">Rehabilitation of children with disabilities</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Age+distribution%22">Age distribution</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Musical+perception%22">Musical perception</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Acoustic+stimulation%22">Acoustic stimulation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Hard+of+hearing+people%22">Hard of hearing people</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Musical+pitch%22">Musical pitch</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Time%22">Time</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
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  Data: Objective: We recently demonstrated that learning abilities among school-age children vary following frequency discrimination (FD) training, with some exhibiting mature adult-like learning while others performing poorly (non-adult-like learners). This study tested the hypothesis that children's post-training generalisation is related to their learning maturity. Additionally, it investigated how training duration influences children's generalisation, considering the observed decrease with increased training in adults. Design: Generalisation to the untrained ear and untrained 2000 Hz frequency was assessed following single-session or nine-session 1000 Hz FD training, using an adaptive forced-choice procedure. Two additional groups served as controls for the untrained frequency. Study sample: Fifty-four children aged 7–9 years and 59 adults aged 18–30 years. Results: (1) Only adult-like learners generalised their learning gains across frequency or ear, albeit less efficiently than adults; (2) As training duration increased children experienced reduced generalisation, similar to adults; (3) Children's performance in the untrained tasks correlated strongly with their trained task performance after the first training session. Conclusions: Auditory skill learning and its generalisation do not necessarily mature contemporaneously, although mature learning is a prerequisite for mature generalisation. Furthermore, in children, as in adults, more practice makes rather specific experts. These findings should be considered when designing training programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of International Journal of Audiology is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1080/14992027.2024.2386595
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        Text: English
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        PageCount: 9
        StartPage: 609
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Emotion regulation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Experimental design
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      – SubjectFull: Child development
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      – SubjectFull: Auditory perception
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      – SubjectFull: Learning strategies
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      – SubjectFull: Comparative studies
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      – SubjectFull: Medical protocols
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      – SubjectFull: Research funding
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      – SubjectFull: Rehabilitation
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      – SubjectFull: Rehabilitation of children with disabilities
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      – SubjectFull: Musical perception
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      – SubjectFull: Hard of hearing people
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      – SubjectFull: Musical pitch
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      – SubjectFull: Time
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      – TitleFull: Different time courses of maturation for learning and generalization following auditory training in children.
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              M: 06
              Text: Jun2025
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              Y: 2025
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