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Effectiveness and uptake of WhatsApp-based HIV microlearning for healthcare workers in remote South African clinics: A pragmatic, mixed-methods, cluster-randomised trial.

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Title: Effectiveness and uptake of WhatsApp-based HIV microlearning for healthcare workers in remote South African clinics: A pragmatic, mixed-methods, cluster-randomised trial.
Authors: Chisholm, Briony Sue1 (AUTHOR) briony.chisholm@uct.ac.za, Mapahla, Lovemore2,3 (AUTHOR), Lombard, Carl3,4 (AUTHOR), Blockman, Marc1 (AUTHOR), Orrell, Catherine5 (AUTHOR)
Source: Nurse Education in Practice. Jul2025, Vol. 86, pN.PAG-N.PAG. 1p.
Subject Terms: *Nursing education, *Social media, *Educational outcomes, *Continuing medical education, *Continuing education of nurses, *Research methodology, *Clinics, Statistical sampling, Questionnaires, HIV infections, Randomized controlled trials, Descriptive statistics, Professions, Rural conditions, Inferential statistics, Confidence intervals
Geographic Terms: South Africa
Abstract: To design and test the usability of case-based HIV microlearning lessons using WhatsApp groups. This paper reports on effectiveness and uptake. South Africa has the largest antiretroviral treatment program globally. National guidelines are regularly updated. Ongoing training of healthcare workers is vital but complicated by infrastructural, financial and human resource shortages. Innovative solutions are needed. A pragmatic, mixed methods, parallel group, cluster randomised trial. Nurses and community health workers (CHWs) at 50 clinics in the Eastern Cape were invited to participate. Online questionnaires tested knowledge and retention of knowledge; retrospective folder reviews measured changes in patient care. Patient folders were sampled purposively pre-/post-intervention for clinical points learned. Descriptive and inferential analyses were performed. Uptake and participation were good: 232 (79 %) nurses and 207 (76 %) CHWs participated. 96 % of nurses and 88 % of CHWs read the lessons within two weeks. There was a significant intervention effect on knowledge, based on the online questionnaires: nurses (0.5 units; 95 % CI 0.11–1.0; p = 0.0499) and CHWs (0.7 units; 95 % CI 0.2–1.3; p = 0.004). 1083 patient folders were reviewed to compare changes in patient care between the study arms. Adjusting for pre-care differences between the arms, the intervention increased correct patient care by 21 % (95 % CI 10 %-32 %; p < 0.001) in the year after the training. WhatsApp-based microlearning improves knowledge and patient care. This, with the companion paper's data showing that it is well received and accepted, makes it a valuable option for simple, accessible, scalable continuing medical education for HCWs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Nurse Education in Practice is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Education Research Complete
FullText Text:
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PubType: Academic Journal
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  Data: Effectiveness and uptake of WhatsApp-based HIV microlearning for healthcare workers in remote South African clinics: A pragmatic, mixed-methods, cluster-randomised trial.
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  Data: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;JN&quot; term=&quot;%22Nurse+Education+in+Practice%22&quot;&gt;Nurse Education in Practice&lt;/searchLink&gt;. Jul2025, Vol. 86, pN.PAG-N.PAG. 1p.
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  Data: To design and test the usability of case-based HIV microlearning lessons using WhatsApp groups. This paper reports on effectiveness and uptake. South Africa has the largest antiretroviral treatment program globally. National guidelines are regularly updated. Ongoing training of healthcare workers is vital but complicated by infrastructural, financial and human resource shortages. Innovative solutions are needed. A pragmatic, mixed methods, parallel group, cluster randomised trial. Nurses and community health workers (CHWs) at 50 clinics in the Eastern Cape were invited to participate. Online questionnaires tested knowledge and retention of knowledge; retrospective folder reviews measured changes in patient care. Patient folders were sampled purposively pre-/post-intervention for clinical points learned. Descriptive and inferential analyses were performed. Uptake and participation were good: 232 (79 %) nurses and 207 (76 %) CHWs participated. 96 % of nurses and 88 % of CHWs read the lessons within two weeks. There was a significant intervention effect on knowledge, based on the online questionnaires: nurses (0.5 units; 95 % CI 0.11–1.0; p = 0.0499) and CHWs (0.7 units; 95 % CI 0.2–1.3; p = 0.004). 1083 patient folders were reviewed to compare changes in patient care between the study arms. Adjusting for pre-care differences between the arms, the intervention increased correct patient care by 21 % (95 % CI 10 %-32 %; p &lt; 0.001) in the year after the training. WhatsApp-based microlearning improves knowledge and patient care. This, with the companion paper&#39;s data showing that it is well received and accepted, makes it a valuable option for simple, accessible, scalable continuing medical education for HCWs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
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  Data: &lt;i&gt;Copyright of Nurse Education in Practice is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder&#39;s express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.&lt;/i&gt; (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=ehh&AN=186502833
RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1016/j.nepr.2025.104326
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 1
        StartPage: N.PAG
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Nursing education
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Social media
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Educational outcomes
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Continuing medical education
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Continuing education of nurses
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Research methodology
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Clinics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Statistical sampling
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Questionnaires
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: HIV infections
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      – SubjectFull: Randomized controlled trials
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      – SubjectFull: Descriptive statistics
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      – SubjectFull: Professions
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      – SubjectFull: Rural conditions
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      – SubjectFull: Inferential statistics
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      – SubjectFull: Confidence intervals
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: South Africa
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Effectiveness and uptake of WhatsApp-based HIV microlearning for healthcare workers in remote South African clinics: A pragmatic, mixed-methods, cluster-randomised trial.
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            – D: 01
              M: 07
              Text: Jul2025
              Type: published
              Y: 2025
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