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The Impact of an Extra Chromosome on Language: Developmental Language Disorder in Sex Chromosome Trisomies.

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Title: The Impact of an Extra Chromosome on Language: Developmental Language Disorder in Sex Chromosome Trisomies.
Authors: Zampini, Laura1 laura.zampini1@unimib.it, Provera, Alessandra2, Zanchi, Paola3, Silibello, Gaia4, Mastromattei, Domenica4, Angeleri, Francesca4, Antonella Costantino, Maria4, Ajmone, Paola Francesca4
Source: Journal of Speech, Language & Hearing Research. Jul2025, Vol. 68 Issue 7, p3226-3238. 13p.
Subject Terms: *Comparative grammar, *Cognitive testing, *Phonological awareness, *Learning, *Verbal behavior testing, *Emotions, *Language disorders, *Research methodology, *Ability, *Speech evaluation, *Intelligence tests, *Training, *Articulation (Speech), *Children, Klinefelter's syndrome, Child psychopathology, Chorionic villus sampling, Terms & phrases, Interviewing, Cognitive processing speed, Kruskal-Wallis Test, Premature infants, Prenatal diagnosis, Disease prevalence, Mann Whitney U Test, Chi-squared test, Descriptive statistics, Sex chromosome abnormalities, Physiological aspects of speech, Linguistics, Child development deviations, Psychology of mothers, Birth weight, Data analysis software, Amniocentesis, Nonparametric statistics
Abstract: Purpose: This study investigated the language and cognitive skills of preschool children with sex chromosome trisomies (SCTs) with and without a codiagnosis of developmental language disorder (DLD), considering possible differences between SCT types (i.e., XXX, XXY, and XYY). Method: Fifty-five children with a prenatally diagnosed SCT (19 XXX, 25 XXY, and 11 XYY) aged 48-64 months were included in the study. The presence of a DLD diagnosis or other neurodevelopmental disorder was established by structured interviews, while cognitive and language skills were assessed using a test battery including the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence-Third Edition, Test for Reception of Grammar-Second Edition, and selected Batteria per la Valutazione del Linguaggio in Bambini dai 4 ai 12 anni (Battery for Language Assessment in Children Aged 4 to 12 Years) subtests. Results: Of the 55 children, 44 (76.4%) had a diagnosis of DLD at this stage. Cognitive assessments showed no significant differences in Performance IQ, Verbal IQ, and Processing Speed Quotient in children with SCTs. However, children with SCTs and co-occurring DLD scored lower than those without DLD in the last two areas. Language assessment revealed notable impairments, particularly in speech sound accuracy and repetition tasks, with children with a cooccurrent diagnosis of SCT and DLD reporting greater impairments. No significant differences in the prevalence of DLD were observed between SCT types. Conclusions: These findings highlight the importance of early identification and intervention on co-occurrent neurodevelopmental disorders in the population of children with SCTs. Further research should explore language and learning trajectories in the population of children with DLD with and without a co-occurring genetic diagnosis to better differentiate developmental characteristics and allow for effective tailored interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Speech, Language & Hearing Research is the property of American Speech-Language-Hearing Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Education Research Complete
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  Data: The Impact of an Extra Chromosome on Language: Developmental Language Disorder in Sex Chromosome Trisomies.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zampini%2C+Laura%22">Zampini, Laura</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><i> laura.zampini1@unimib.it</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Provera%2C+Alessandra%22">Provera, Alessandra</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zanchi%2C+Paola%22">Zanchi, Paola</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Silibello%2C+Gaia%22">Silibello, Gaia</searchLink><relatesTo>4</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Mastromattei%2C+Domenica%22">Mastromattei, Domenica</searchLink><relatesTo>4</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Angeleri%2C+Francesca%22">Angeleri, Francesca</searchLink><relatesTo>4</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Antonella+Costantino%2C+Maria%22">Antonella Costantino, Maria</searchLink><relatesTo>4</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ajmone%2C+Paola+Francesca%22">Ajmone, Paola Francesca</searchLink><relatesTo>4</relatesTo>
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– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Purpose: This study investigated the language and cognitive skills of preschool children with sex chromosome trisomies (SCTs) with and without a codiagnosis of developmental language disorder (DLD), considering possible differences between SCT types (i.e., XXX, XXY, and XYY). Method: Fifty-five children with a prenatally diagnosed SCT (19 XXX, 25 XXY, and 11 XYY) aged 48-64 months were included in the study. The presence of a DLD diagnosis or other neurodevelopmental disorder was established by structured interviews, while cognitive and language skills were assessed using a test battery including the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence-Third Edition, Test for Reception of Grammar-Second Edition, and selected Batteria per la Valutazione del Linguaggio in Bambini dai 4 ai 12 anni (Battery for Language Assessment in Children Aged 4 to 12 Years) subtests. Results: Of the 55 children, 44 (76.4%) had a diagnosis of DLD at this stage. Cognitive assessments showed no significant differences in Performance IQ, Verbal IQ, and Processing Speed Quotient in children with SCTs. However, children with SCTs and co-occurring DLD scored lower than those without DLD in the last two areas. Language assessment revealed notable impairments, particularly in speech sound accuracy and repetition tasks, with children with a cooccurrent diagnosis of SCT and DLD reporting greater impairments. No significant differences in the prevalence of DLD were observed between SCT types. Conclusions: These findings highlight the importance of early identification and intervention on co-occurrent neurodevelopmental disorders in the population of children with SCTs. Further research should explore language and learning trajectories in the population of children with DLD with and without a co-occurring genetic diagnosis to better differentiate developmental characteristics and allow for effective tailored interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Speech, Language & Hearing Research is the property of American Speech-Language-Hearing Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=ehh&AN=186522585
RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1044/2025_JSLHR-24-00808
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 13
        StartPage: 3226
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Comparative grammar
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Cognitive testing
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Phonological awareness
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Learning
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Verbal behavior testing
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Emotions
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Language disorders
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Research methodology
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Ability
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Speech evaluation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Intelligence tests
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Training
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Articulation (Speech)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Children
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Klinefelter's syndrome
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Child psychopathology
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Chorionic villus sampling
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Terms & phrases
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Interviewing
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Cognitive processing speed
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Kruskal-Wallis Test
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Premature infants
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Prenatal diagnosis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Disease prevalence
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Mann Whitney U Test
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Chi-squared test
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Descriptive statistics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Sex chromosome abnormalities
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Physiological aspects of speech
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Linguistics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Child development deviations
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Psychology of mothers
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Birth weight
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Data analysis software
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Amniocentesis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Nonparametric statistics
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: The Impact of an Extra Chromosome on Language: Developmental Language Disorder in Sex Chromosome Trisomies.
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              M: 07
              Text: Jul2025
              Type: published
              Y: 2025
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