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Longitudinal Integrated Clerkships, empathy and patient centredness: A prospective cohort study.

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Title: Longitudinal Integrated Clerkships, empathy and patient centredness: A prospective cohort study.
Authors: Dodsworth, Alastair1,2 alastair.dodsworth@ncl.ac.uk, Alberti, Hugh2, Hirsh, David A.3,4, Paes, Paul2, Illing, Jan2,5
Source: Medical Teacher. Aug2025, Vol. 47 Issue 8, p1344-1351. 8p.
Subject Terms: *Interdisciplinary education, *Empathy, *Medical education, *Academic medical centers, *Longitudinal method, *Psychology of medical students, *Clinical education, *Comparative studies, Pearson correlation (Statistics), Effect sizes (Statistics), T-test (Statistics), Questionnaires, Descriptive statistics, Chi-squared test, Patient-centered care, Data analysis software, Medical ethics
Geographic Terms: United Kingdom
Abstract: Purpose: Ethical erosion literature describes medical students' patient centredness and empathy declines through their clinical years of training. Longitudinal Integrated Clerkships (LICs), an alternate clinical educational design, have been hypothesised to reduce ethical erosion. The authors aimed to measure change in medical students' patient centredness and empathy at an institution with the largest LIC worldwide. Method: Two whole LIC cohorts (LIC1 and LIC2) were invited to complete a questionnaire, which included patient centredness and empathy scales. Students completed the questionnaire at the start and end of each academic year. Block-rotation students (Non-LIC) were a comparator cohort. Complete cases data were analysed. Results: 22 Non-LIC, 66 LIC1 and 33 LIC2 students responded. Non-LIC students experienced a significant decline in empathy ([start] 113.14 vs. [end] 102.68, p<.001). Empathy did not significantly decline in the LIC cohorts. Patient centredness in LIC1 and LIC2 grew and reduced in the Non-LIC cohort, however, these changes were not statistically significant. Conclusions: This study supports the hypothesis LICs may reduce ethical erosion when compared to block-rotation placements. The results provide evidence that ethical erosion occurs in students who have completed block-rotation placements. This is the first study of UK-based medical students measuring empathy and patient centredness following completion of an LIC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: Purpose: Ethical erosion literature describes medical students&#39; patient centredness and empathy declines through their clinical years of training. Longitudinal Integrated Clerkships (LICs), an alternate clinical educational design, have been hypothesised to reduce ethical erosion. The authors aimed to measure change in medical students&#39; patient centredness and empathy at an institution with the largest LIC worldwide. Method: Two whole LIC cohorts (LIC1 and LIC2) were invited to complete a questionnaire, which included patient centredness and empathy scales. Students completed the questionnaire at the start and end of each academic year. Block-rotation students (Non-LIC) were a comparator cohort. Complete cases data were analysed. Results: 22 Non-LIC, 66 LIC1 and 33 LIC2 students responded. Non-LIC students experienced a significant decline in empathy ([start] 113.14 vs. [end] 102.68, p&lt;.001). Empathy did not significantly decline in the LIC cohorts. Patient centredness in LIC1 and LIC2 grew and reduced in the Non-LIC cohort, however, these changes were not statistically significant. Conclusions: This study supports the hypothesis LICs may reduce ethical erosion when compared to block-rotation placements. The results provide evidence that ethical erosion occurs in students who have completed block-rotation placements. This is the first study of UK-based medical students measuring empathy and patient centredness following completion of an LIC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: &lt;i&gt;Copyright of Medical Teacher is the property of Taylor &amp; Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder&#39;s express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.&lt;/i&gt; (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1080/0142159X.2024.2430362
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 8
        StartPage: 1344
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Interdisciplinary education
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Empathy
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Medical education
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Academic medical centers
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Longitudinal method
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      – SubjectFull: Psychology of medical students
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      – SubjectFull: Clinical education
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      – SubjectFull: Comparative studies
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      – SubjectFull: Pearson correlation (Statistics)
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      – SubjectFull: Effect sizes (Statistics)
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      – SubjectFull: T-test (Statistics)
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      – SubjectFull: Data analysis software
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      – SubjectFull: Medical ethics
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      – SubjectFull: United Kingdom
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      – TitleFull: Longitudinal Integrated Clerkships, empathy and patient centredness: A prospective cohort study.
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              Text: Aug2025
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