Effects of the Head Lift and Recline Exercise Regimens on the Neuromuscular Control of Functional Swallowing in Older Adults: An Electromyography Study Revealing Potential Differential Mechanisms.
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| Title: | Effects of the Head Lift and Recline Exercise Regimens on the Neuromuscular Control of Functional Swallowing in Older Adults: An Electromyography Study Revealing Potential Differential Mechanisms. |
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| Authors: | Mitchell, Samantha S.1, Fujiki, Robert Brinton1, Oliver, Abby J.1, Craig, Bruce A.2, Malandraki, Georgia A.1 malandraki@purdue.edu |
| Source: | Journal of Speech, Language & Hearing Research. Aug2025, Vol. 68 Issue 8, p3759-3770. 12p. |
| Subject Terms: | *Statistical correlation, *Data analysis, *Neurophysiology, *Research, *Inter-observer reliability, Head physiology, Biomechanics, T-test (Statistics), Exercise therapy, Kinematics, Research evaluation, Neuromuscular system, Functional status, Randomized controlled trials, Electromyography, Statistics, Deglutition, Data analysis software, Muscle contraction, Old age |
| Abstract: | Purpose: The head lift exercise (HLE) and recline exercise (RE) are rehabilitative exercises that have been shown to elicit similar biomechanical swallowing changes in older adults. However, the neuromuscular mechanisms underlying these changes are unknown and could elucidate the physiological mechanisms these exercises target. Method: A randomized clinical trial with two arms--a 6-week HLE or RE regimen--was conducted. Data were collected on older adults pre- and posttreatment and at 6-week follow-up using videofluoroscopic swallow studies (VFSSs) and surface electromyography (sEMG). Results of the VFSS showing similar hyolaryngeal excursion gains post both regimens have been published. This follow-up study presents the sEMG data and includes data from 18 older adults (age range: 60-82 years; HLE = 9, RE = 9) from the pre- and posttreatment time points. sEMG activity measures (normalized mean amplitude, burst duration, and time to peak sEMG amplitude) were collected from submental muscles during standardized swallow tasks. Results: Normalized mean amplitude, burst duration, and time to peak amplitude during swallowing did not significantly change posttreatment for either group. Post hoc correlational analysis of percent change between outcome measures from pre- to posttreatment revealed a strong negative relationship between normalized mean amplitude and time to peak amplitude for liquids (r = -.926, p = .0001) and pudding (r = -.901, p = .0001), indicating that participants who required greater levels of muscular contraction to functionally swallow posttreatment may need less time to reach that contraction level and vice versa. Conclusions: In combination with the Fujiki, Oliver, Malandraki, et al. (2019) results, these findings support that older adults show improvements in anterior and superior hyoid excursion post both HLE and RE without the need for greater submental musculature contraction. The inverse relationship identified post hoc between the percent change of amplitude and time to peak amplitude may indicate different neuromuscular mechanisms for biomechanical gains and needs further exploration for future personalized treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Copyright of Journal of Speech, Language & Hearing Research is the property of American Speech-Language-Hearing Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) | |
| Database: | Education Research Complete |
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| Header | DbId: ehh DbLabel: Education Research Complete An: 187402261 AccessLevel: 6 PubType: Academic Journal PubTypeId: academicJournal PreciseRelevancyScore: 0 |
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| Items | – Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: Effects of the Head Lift and Recline Exercise Regimens on the Neuromuscular Control of Functional Swallowing in Older Adults: An Electromyography Study Revealing Potential Differential Mechanisms. – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Mitchell%2C+Samantha+S%2E%22">Mitchell, Samantha S.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Fujiki%2C+Robert+Brinton%22">Fujiki, Robert Brinton</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Oliver%2C+Abby+J%2E%22">Oliver, Abby J.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Craig%2C+Bruce+A%2E%22">Craig, Bruce A.</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Malandraki%2C+Georgia+A%2E%22">Malandraki, Georgia A.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><i> malandraki@purdue.edu</i> – Name: TitleSource Label: Source Group: Src Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+Speech%2C+Language+%26+Hearing+Research%22">Journal of Speech, Language & Hearing Research</searchLink>. Aug2025, Vol. 68 Issue 8, p3759-3770. 12p. – Name: Subject Label: Subject Terms Group: Su Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Statistical+correlation%22">Statistical correlation</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Data+analysis%22">Data analysis</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Neurophysiology%22">Neurophysiology</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Research%22">Research</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Inter-observer+reliability%22">Inter-observer reliability</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Head+physiology%22">Head physiology</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Biomechanics%22">Biomechanics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22T-test+%28Statistics%29%22">T-test (Statistics)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Exercise+therapy%22">Exercise therapy</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Kinematics%22">Kinematics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Research+evaluation%22">Research evaluation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Neuromuscular+system%22">Neuromuscular system</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Functional+status%22">Functional status</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Randomized+controlled+trials%22">Randomized controlled trials</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Electromyography%22">Electromyography</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Statistics%22">Statistics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Deglutition%22">Deglutition</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Data+analysis+software%22">Data analysis software</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Muscle+contraction%22">Muscle contraction</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Old+age%22">Old age</searchLink> – Name: Abstract Label: Abstract Group: Ab Data: Purpose: The head lift exercise (HLE) and recline exercise (RE) are rehabilitative exercises that have been shown to elicit similar biomechanical swallowing changes in older adults. However, the neuromuscular mechanisms underlying these changes are unknown and could elucidate the physiological mechanisms these exercises target. Method: A randomized clinical trial with two arms--a 6-week HLE or RE regimen--was conducted. Data were collected on older adults pre- and posttreatment and at 6-week follow-up using videofluoroscopic swallow studies (VFSSs) and surface electromyography (sEMG). Results of the VFSS showing similar hyolaryngeal excursion gains post both regimens have been published. This follow-up study presents the sEMG data and includes data from 18 older adults (age range: 60-82 years; HLE = 9, RE = 9) from the pre- and posttreatment time points. sEMG activity measures (normalized mean amplitude, burst duration, and time to peak sEMG amplitude) were collected from submental muscles during standardized swallow tasks. Results: Normalized mean amplitude, burst duration, and time to peak amplitude during swallowing did not significantly change posttreatment for either group. Post hoc correlational analysis of percent change between outcome measures from pre- to posttreatment revealed a strong negative relationship between normalized mean amplitude and time to peak amplitude for liquids (r = -.926, p = .0001) and pudding (r = -.901, p = .0001), indicating that participants who required greater levels of muscular contraction to functionally swallow posttreatment may need less time to reach that contraction level and vice versa. Conclusions: In combination with the Fujiki, Oliver, Malandraki, et al. (2019) results, these findings support that older adults show improvements in anterior and superior hyoid excursion post both HLE and RE without the need for greater submental musculature contraction. The inverse relationship identified post hoc between the percent change of amplitude and time to peak amplitude may indicate different neuromuscular mechanisms for biomechanical gains and needs further exploration for future personalized treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] – Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright Label: Group: Ab Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Speech, Language & Hearing Research is the property of American Speech-Language-Hearing Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) |
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| RecordInfo | BibRecord: BibEntity: Identifiers: – Type: doi Value: 10.1044/2025_JSLHR-24-00790 Languages: – Code: eng Text: English PhysicalDescription: Pagination: PageCount: 12 StartPage: 3759 Subjects: – SubjectFull: Statistical correlation Type: general – SubjectFull: Data analysis Type: general – SubjectFull: Neurophysiology Type: general – SubjectFull: Research Type: general – SubjectFull: Inter-observer reliability Type: general – SubjectFull: Head physiology Type: general – SubjectFull: Biomechanics Type: general – SubjectFull: T-test (Statistics) Type: general – SubjectFull: Exercise therapy Type: general – SubjectFull: Kinematics Type: general – SubjectFull: Research evaluation Type: general – SubjectFull: Neuromuscular system Type: general – SubjectFull: Functional status Type: general – SubjectFull: Randomized controlled trials Type: general – SubjectFull: Electromyography Type: general – SubjectFull: Statistics Type: general – SubjectFull: Deglutition Type: general – SubjectFull: Data analysis software Type: general – SubjectFull: Muscle contraction Type: general – SubjectFull: Old age Type: general Titles: – TitleFull: Effects of the Head Lift and Recline Exercise Regimens on the Neuromuscular Control of Functional Swallowing in Older Adults: An Electromyography Study Revealing Potential Differential Mechanisms. Type: main BibRelationships: HasContributorRelationships: – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Mitchell, Samantha S. – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Fujiki, Robert Brinton – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Oliver, Abby J. – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Craig, Bruce A. – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Malandraki, Georgia A. IsPartOfRelationships: – BibEntity: Dates: – D: 01 M: 08 Text: Aug2025 Type: published Y: 2025 Identifiers: – Type: issn-print Value: 10924388 Numbering: – Type: volume Value: 68 – Type: issue Value: 8 Titles: – TitleFull: Journal of Speech, Language & Hearing Research Type: main |
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