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Latent Profiles of Early Language Development in a Large Finnish-Speaking Sample of the FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study.

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Title: Latent Profiles of Early Language Development in a Large Finnish-Speaking Sample of the FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study.
Authors: Saloranta, Essi1,2 estuva@utu.fi, Yada, Akie1,3,4,5, McCauley, Stewart6, Yli-Savola, Aura1,2, Savo, Satu3,5, Renvall, Kati1, Eskol, Eeva1,2,5, Fernandes, Michelle7,8,9, Korja, Riikka1,2, Karlsson, Hasse2,10,11, Karlsson, Linnea2,10,11, Mainela-Arnold, Elina1,2,5
Source: Journal of Speech, Language & Hearing Research. Aug2025, Vol. 68 Issue 8, p3989-4005. 17p.
Subject Terms: *Predictive tests, *Longitudinal method, *Child development, *Research, *Language acquisition, *Birth order, Word deafness, Questionnaires, Logistic regression analysis, Sex distribution, Descriptive statistics, Multivariate analysis, Structural equation modeling, Duration of pregnancy, Odds ratio, Sex (Biology), Sociodemographic factors
Geographic Terms: Finland
Abstract: Purpose: Research on early language development has primarily used two categories to group at-risk children, differing by the age at which risk is identified. Late talkers are toddlers with late onset of language development, some of whom may catch up with peers. Developmental language disorder is used to refer to children above the age of 4 years. To this day, the longitudinal relationship between the two categories remains unclear. In this study, we explored early language trajectories in a large birth cohort using exploratory methodology to gain better understanding of the types and prevalence of language trajectories from 14 months to 5 years of age, with particular interest in risk trajectories that cluster statistically. Method: We conducted latent profile analysis (LPA) on seven language variables collected between 1 and 5 years of age (N = 1,281). Multinomial logistic regression procedure was used to identify child and family characteristics that predicted profile memberships. Results: The LPA yielded three profiles of language development described as persistent low, stable average, and stable high. Female sex, longer duration of pregnancy, and higher maternal socioeconomic status increased the odds of belonging to the stable high-language profile, whereas male sex and not being first born increased the odds of belonging to persistent low language profile. Conclusions: Contrary to previous research, we did not observe increasing or decreasing profiles, suggesting that toddler language difficulties tend to persist at age 5 years, at least in this birth cohort. This suggests commencing language intervention early instead of the wait-and-see approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Speech, Language & Hearing Research is the property of American Speech-Language-Hearing Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Education Research Complete
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  Data: Latent Profiles of Early Language Development in a Large Finnish-Speaking Sample of the FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Saloranta%2C+Essi%22">Saloranta, Essi</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo><i> estuva@utu.fi</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Yada%2C+Akie%22">Yada, Akie</searchLink><relatesTo>1,3,4,5</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22McCauley%2C+Stewart%22">McCauley, Stewart</searchLink><relatesTo>6</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Yli-Savola%2C+Aura%22">Yli-Savola, Aura</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Savo%2C+Satu%22">Savo, Satu</searchLink><relatesTo>3,5</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Renvall%2C+Kati%22">Renvall, Kati</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Eskol%2C+Eeva%22">Eskol, Eeva</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2,5</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Fernandes%2C+Michelle%22">Fernandes, Michelle</searchLink><relatesTo>7,8,9</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Korja%2C+Riikka%22">Korja, Riikka</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Karlsson%2C+Hasse%22">Karlsson, Hasse</searchLink><relatesTo>2,10,11</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Karlsson%2C+Linnea%22">Karlsson, Linnea</searchLink><relatesTo>2,10,11</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Mainela-Arnold%2C+Elina%22">Mainela-Arnold, Elina</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2,5</relatesTo>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+Speech%2C+Language+%26+Hearing+Research%22">Journal of Speech, Language & Hearing Research</searchLink>. Aug2025, Vol. 68 Issue 8, p3989-4005. 17p.
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  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Predictive+tests%22">Predictive tests</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Longitudinal+method%22">Longitudinal method</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Child+development%22">Child development</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Research%22">Research</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Language+acquisition%22">Language acquisition</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Birth+order%22">Birth order</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Word+deafness%22">Word deafness</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Questionnaires%22">Questionnaires</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Logistic+regression+analysis%22">Logistic regression analysis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sex+distribution%22">Sex distribution</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Descriptive+statistics%22">Descriptive statistics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Multivariate+analysis%22">Multivariate analysis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Structural+equation+modeling%22">Structural equation modeling</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Duration+of+pregnancy%22">Duration of pregnancy</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Odds+ratio%22">Odds ratio</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sex+%28Biology%29%22">Sex (Biology)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sociodemographic+factors%22">Sociodemographic factors</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Finland%22">Finland</searchLink>
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  Label: Abstract
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  Data: Purpose: Research on early language development has primarily used two categories to group at-risk children, differing by the age at which risk is identified. Late talkers are toddlers with late onset of language development, some of whom may catch up with peers. Developmental language disorder is used to refer to children above the age of 4 years. To this day, the longitudinal relationship between the two categories remains unclear. In this study, we explored early language trajectories in a large birth cohort using exploratory methodology to gain better understanding of the types and prevalence of language trajectories from 14 months to 5 years of age, with particular interest in risk trajectories that cluster statistically. Method: We conducted latent profile analysis (LPA) on seven language variables collected between 1 and 5 years of age (N = 1,281). Multinomial logistic regression procedure was used to identify child and family characteristics that predicted profile memberships. Results: The LPA yielded three profiles of language development described as persistent low, stable average, and stable high. Female sex, longer duration of pregnancy, and higher maternal socioeconomic status increased the odds of belonging to the stable high-language profile, whereas male sex and not being first born increased the odds of belonging to persistent low language profile. Conclusions: Contrary to previous research, we did not observe increasing or decreasing profiles, suggesting that toddler language difficulties tend to persist at age 5 years, at least in this birth cohort. This suggests commencing language intervention early instead of the wait-and-see approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Speech, Language & Hearing Research is the property of American Speech-Language-Hearing Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1044/2025_JSLHR-24-00767
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