Indoctrination and the Aims of Democratic Political Education: Challenges and Answers.

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Title: Indoctrination and the Aims of Democratic Political Education: Challenges and Answers.
Authors: Moilanen, Antti1 (AUTHOR) moilanen.antti.j@gmail.com, Huttunen, Rauno2 (AUTHOR) rakahu@utu.fi
Source: Educational Theory. Oct2025, Vol. 75 Issue 5, p823-847. 25p.
Subject Terms: *Educational objectives, *Critical pedagogy, *Critical theory, *Political science education, *Reflective teaching, *Education methodology, *Philosophy of education, Indoctrination
People: Habermas, Jürgen, 1929-2026
Abstract: In this theoretical article, we analyze indoctrination in relation to the aims of democratic political education using a theory of indoctrination which is based on the work of Jürgen Habermas. In particular, we examine how the challenge of indoctrination is connected to the goals of democratic political education and how this issue can be avoided. We reconstruct a Habermasian concept of indoctrination and criteria for this type of teaching. Moreover, we describe central controversies in German didactic theories of political education and elucidate the theoretical premises of these theories. Lastly, we construct an account of the challenges facing democratic political education and provide solutions to these hurdles by conceptualizing how the aims of political education can be pursued as indoctrination, as well as critically of indoctrination. We find that democratic political education involves the challenges of indoctrination, but these can be avoided by teaching in a self‐reflective, controversial, and dialogic manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Educational Theory is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: In this theoretical article, we analyze indoctrination in relation to the aims of democratic political education using a theory of indoctrination which is based on the work of Jürgen Habermas. In particular, we examine how the challenge of indoctrination is connected to the goals of democratic political education and how this issue can be avoided. We reconstruct a Habermasian concept of indoctrination and criteria for this type of teaching. Moreover, we describe central controversies in German didactic theories of political education and elucidate the theoretical premises of these theories. Lastly, we construct an account of the challenges facing democratic political education and provide solutions to these hurdles by conceptualizing how the aims of political education can be pursued as indoctrination, as well as critically of indoctrination. We find that democratic political education involves the challenges of indoctrination, but these can be avoided by teaching in a self‐reflective, controversial, and dialogic manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Educational Theory is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1111/edth.70032
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        Text: English
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      – SubjectFull: Critical theory
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      – SubjectFull: Political science education
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      – SubjectFull: Reflective teaching
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      – SubjectFull: Education methodology
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      – SubjectFull: Philosophy of education
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      – SubjectFull: Indoctrination
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Habermas, Jürgen, 1929-2026
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      – TitleFull: Indoctrination and the Aims of Democratic Political Education: Challenges and Answers.
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              Text: Oct2025
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