Can objective second language (L2) ages of acquisition (AoA) surpass subjective L2 AoA? Quantifying and comparing objective and subjective L2 AoA for 3500 + L2 English words.
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| Title: | Can objective second language (L2) ages of acquisition (AoA) surpass subjective L2 AoA? Quantifying and comparing objective and subjective L2 AoA for 3500 + L2 English words. |
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| Authors: | Zhang, Zhihan1,2 (AUTHOR), Wu, Chenggang1,3,4 (AUTHOR) chenggangwu@shisu.edu.cn |
| Source: | Reading & Writing. Oct2025, Vol. 38 Issue 8, p2131-2144. 14p. |
| Subject Terms: | *Second language acquisition, *Word frequency, *Word recognition |
| Abstract: | The present study complemented the extant second language (L2) Age of Acquisition (AoA) normative database by providing over 3500 English L2 words on objective AoA and over 2600 English L2 words on subjective AoA. The correlation between the objective and subjective L2 AoA confirmed the validity of the present database. The objective L2 AoA was related to body-object interaction, word frequency, and semantic diversity. Concreteness, valence, and word frequency also predicted both objective and subjective L2 AoA. The results supported the integrated account that AoA effect is dependent on both semantic and lexical factors. However, when both subjective and objective L2 AoA are considered as predictors for lexical decision performance, it is subjective L2 AoA rather than objective L2 AoA that can predict the reaction time and accuracy rate of L2 lexical decision. The availability of this database provided L2 researchers with an enhanced tool to investigate and understand the role of AoA in L2 word processing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Copyright of Reading & Writing is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) | |
| Database: | Education Research Complete |
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| Header | DbId: ehh DbLabel: Education Research Complete An: 188474680 AccessLevel: 6 PubType: Academic Journal PubTypeId: academicJournal PreciseRelevancyScore: 0 |
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| Items | – Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: Can objective second language (L2) ages of acquisition (AoA) surpass subjective L2 AoA? Quantifying and comparing objective and subjective L2 AoA for 3500 + L2 English words. – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zhang%2C+Zhihan%22">Zhang, Zhihan</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wu%2C+Chenggang%22">Wu, Chenggang</searchLink><relatesTo>1,3,4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> chenggangwu@shisu.edu.cn</i> – Name: TitleSource Label: Source Group: Src Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Reading+%26+Writing%22">Reading & Writing</searchLink>. Oct2025, Vol. 38 Issue 8, p2131-2144. 14p. – Name: Subject Label: Subject Terms Group: Su Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Second+language+acquisition%22">Second language acquisition</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Word+frequency%22">Word frequency</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Word+recognition%22">Word recognition</searchLink> – Name: Abstract Label: Abstract Group: Ab Data: The present study complemented the extant second language (L2) Age of Acquisition (AoA) normative database by providing over 3500 English L2 words on objective AoA and over 2600 English L2 words on subjective AoA. The correlation between the objective and subjective L2 AoA confirmed the validity of the present database. The objective L2 AoA was related to body-object interaction, word frequency, and semantic diversity. Concreteness, valence, and word frequency also predicted both objective and subjective L2 AoA. The results supported the integrated account that AoA effect is dependent on both semantic and lexical factors. However, when both subjective and objective L2 AoA are considered as predictors for lexical decision performance, it is subjective L2 AoA rather than objective L2 AoA that can predict the reaction time and accuracy rate of L2 lexical decision. The availability of this database provided L2 researchers with an enhanced tool to investigate and understand the role of AoA in L2 word processing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] – Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright Label: Group: Ab Data: <i>Copyright of Reading & Writing is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) |
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| RecordInfo | BibRecord: BibEntity: Identifiers: – Type: doi Value: 10.1007/s11145-024-10589-6 Languages: – Code: eng Text: English PhysicalDescription: Pagination: PageCount: 14 StartPage: 2131 Subjects: – SubjectFull: Second language acquisition Type: general – SubjectFull: Word frequency Type: general – SubjectFull: Word recognition Type: general Titles: – TitleFull: Can objective second language (L2) ages of acquisition (AoA) surpass subjective L2 AoA? Quantifying and comparing objective and subjective L2 AoA for 3500 + L2 English words. Type: main BibRelationships: HasContributorRelationships: – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Zhang, Zhihan – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Wu, Chenggang IsPartOfRelationships: – BibEntity: Dates: – D: 01 M: 10 Text: Oct2025 Type: published Y: 2025 Identifiers: – Type: issn-print Value: 09224777 Numbering: – Type: volume Value: 38 – Type: issue Value: 8 Titles: – TitleFull: Reading & Writing Type: main |
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