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A Validation and Normative Study of a Teacher Inventory Scale for Evaluation of Functional Hearing of Malaysian Children in a Preschool Setting.

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Title: A Validation and Normative Study of a Teacher Inventory Scale for Evaluation of Functional Hearing of Malaysian Children in a Preschool Setting.
Authors: Tian Kar Quar1, Zawawie, Muhammad Hafiz1, Nor Rashid, Mohd Fadzil2 fadzilnor@usm.my, Ishak, Wan Syafira3, Hosshan, Mohd Hasrul4, Mazlan, Rafidah1, Mohd Yusoff, Wan Nur Hanim1, Ching, Teresa Y. C.5
Source: Language, Speech & Hearing Services in Schools. Oct2025, Vol. 56 Issue 4, p1160-1173. 14p.
Subject Terms: *Auditory perception testing, *Psychology of teachers, *Research methodology evaluation, *Schools, *Listening, *Research methodology, *Test validity, *Children, Reference values, Multitrait multimethod techniques, Scale analysis (Psychology), Cronbach's alpha, Functional hearing loss, Research evaluation, Descriptive statistics, Age distribution, Statistical reliability, Intraclass correlation, Data analysis software, Reliability (Personality trait), Regression analysis
Geographic Terms: Malaysia
Abstract: The validity and reliability of parental questionnaires for evaluating children's hearing in real-world listening environments have been reported in previous studies, but very little research on teacher-reported questionnaires on young children has been reported. Purpose: The present study aimed to examine the validity and reliability of the Malay Teacher's Evaluation of Aural/Oral Performance of Children Plus (TEACH+) Rating Scale for measuring functional hearing of preschoolers in Malaysia. Method: The TEACH+ was adapted into Malay. Fourteen teachers from a preschool completed the Malay TEACH+ Scale for 96 preschool children with normal hearing. Additionally, eight teachers repeated the assessment within a month. Validity and reliability were examined, and normative scores were derived. Results: The adapted scale was found to be valid with high content validity (item-content validity index = .88-1.0), face validity, and construct validity. Reliability tests shows good internal consistency (a = .9), corrected item-total correlation values (.65-.91), and overall test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient = .79-.88). The TEACH+ scores showed that functional performance of children ages < 36 months was poorer than older children, and performance in quiet was better than performance in noise. The normative data can be used as a guide to monitor auditory functional performance and listening efforts of Malaysian children ages > 36 months in preschool settings. Conclusion: The Malay TEACH+ Rating Scale is a valid and reliable tool for teachers to identify preschool-age children who may need additional support to optimize their functional hearing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Language, Speech & Hearing Services in Schools is the property of American Speech-Language-Hearing Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Education Research Complete
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  Data: A Validation and Normative Study of a Teacher Inventory Scale for Evaluation of Functional Hearing of Malaysian Children in a Preschool Setting.
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  Data: The validity and reliability of parental questionnaires for evaluating children&#39;s hearing in real-world listening environments have been reported in previous studies, but very little research on teacher-reported questionnaires on young children has been reported. Purpose: The present study aimed to examine the validity and reliability of the Malay Teacher&#39;s Evaluation of Aural/Oral Performance of Children Plus (TEACH+) Rating Scale for measuring functional hearing of preschoolers in Malaysia. Method: The TEACH+ was adapted into Malay. Fourteen teachers from a preschool completed the Malay TEACH+ Scale for 96 preschool children with normal hearing. Additionally, eight teachers repeated the assessment within a month. Validity and reliability were examined, and normative scores were derived. Results: The adapted scale was found to be valid with high content validity (item-content validity index = .88-1.0), face validity, and construct validity. Reliability tests shows good internal consistency (a = .9), corrected item-total correlation values (.65-.91), and overall test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient = .79-.88). The TEACH+ scores showed that functional performance of children ages &lt; 36 months was poorer than older children, and performance in quiet was better than performance in noise. The normative data can be used as a guide to monitor auditory functional performance and listening efforts of Malaysian children ages &gt; 36 months in preschool settings. Conclusion: The Malay TEACH+ Rating Scale is a valid and reliable tool for teachers to identify preschool-age children who may need additional support to optimize their functional hearing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: &lt;i&gt;Copyright of Language, Speech &amp; Hearing Services in Schools is the property of American Speech-Language-Hearing Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder&#39;s express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.&lt;/i&gt; (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1044/2025_LSHSS-25-00003
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        StartPage: 1160
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Auditory perception testing
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Psychology of teachers
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Research methodology evaluation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Schools
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Listening
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      – SubjectFull: Research methodology
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Test validity
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      – SubjectFull: Children
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      – SubjectFull: Reference values
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      – SubjectFull: Multitrait multimethod techniques
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      – SubjectFull: Scale analysis (Psychology)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Cronbach's alpha
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Functional hearing loss
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Research evaluation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Descriptive statistics
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      – SubjectFull: Age distribution
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      – SubjectFull: Statistical reliability
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      – SubjectFull: Intraclass correlation
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      – SubjectFull: Data analysis software
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      – SubjectFull: Reliability (Personality trait)
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      – SubjectFull: Regression analysis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Malaysia
        Type: general
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      – TitleFull: A Validation and Normative Study of a Teacher Inventory Scale for Evaluation of Functional Hearing of Malaysian Children in a Preschool Setting.
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              Text: Oct2025
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