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Important Outcomes for Children and Adolescents With Cognitive-Communication Disorders After Traumatic Brain Injury: An International Multiperspective Consensus Study.

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Title: Important Outcomes for Children and Adolescents With Cognitive-Communication Disorders After Traumatic Brain Injury: An International Multiperspective Consensus Study.
Authors: Crumlish, Lauren1,2,3, Angwin, Anthony J.1,2,3, Burton, Bridget1,2,3, Wallace, Sarah J.1,2,3
Source: American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology. Dec2025, Vol. 34 Issue 6, p3118-3147. 30p.
Subject Terms: *Children with disabilities, *Content analysis, *Communicative disorders, *Research methodology, *Comparative studies, *Delphi method, *Adolescence, *Children, Rehabilitation for brain injury patients, Consensus (Social sciences), Executives, Research funding, Questionnaires, Functional assessment, Treatment effectiveness, Descriptive statistics, Age distribution, Cognition disorders, Convalescence, Statistics, Attitudes of medical personnel, Brain injuries, Disease complications
Abstract: Purpose: The aim of this study was to reach consensus among researchers, clinicians, and service managers on the most important outcomes of cognitivecommunication treatments for children and adolescents (ages 5-18 years) with traumatic brain injury, in the postacute stage of rehabilitation and beyond. Method: This is an international three-round e-Delphi study. In Round 1, participants answered three open-ended questions, generating important treatment outcomes at three stages of development (5-11, 12-15, and > 15-18 years). Results were analyzed using qualitative content analysis and combined with outcomes from a previous scoping review. In Rounds 2-3, outcome importance was ranked on a 9-point scale. Consensus was defined a priori with outcomes rated as being "essential" (7-9) by at least 70% of respondents and rated 1-3 by less than 15% of respondents. Consensus outcomes were linked to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). Results: A total of 360 outcomes met consensus for all age groups. For 5- to 11-year-old children, important outcomes linked almost equally to the Body Functions (n = 52, 13.1%) and Activity/Participation (n = 50, 12.6%) components of the ICF. Outcomes of "successful start to school," "return to school," and "school functioning" were uniquely important. For older children and adolescents, outcomes linked to the Activity/Participation component of the ICF most frequently (12-15 years: n = 62, 15.6%; > 15-18 years: n = 73, 18.4%). For older cohorts, unique outcomes of "emotional safety," "employment," and "life skill development" met consensus. Conclusions: Participants consider many outcomes, spanning most of the ICF, to be important for children and adolescents with cognitive-communication disorders (CCDs). As children and adolescents age, the importance of ICF components shifts, and distinct outcomes emerge, highlighting the necessity of developmentally relevant rehabilitation. The broad range of outcomes reaching consensus reflects pediatric CCD complexity and the need for holistic, personcentered care. Future research should explore the priorities of children and adolescents with CCDs and their families. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology is the property of American Speech-Language-Hearing Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Education Research Complete
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  Data: Important Outcomes for Children and Adolescents With Cognitive-Communication Disorders After Traumatic Brain Injury: An International Multiperspective Consensus Study.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Crumlish%2C+Lauren%22">Crumlish, Lauren</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2,3</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Angwin%2C+Anthony+J%2E%22">Angwin, Anthony J.</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2,3</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Burton%2C+Bridget%22">Burton, Bridget</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2,3</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wallace%2C+Sarah+J%2E%22">Wallace, Sarah J.</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2,3</relatesTo>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22American+Journal+of+Speech-Language+Pathology%22">American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology</searchLink>. Dec2025, Vol. 34 Issue 6, p3118-3147. 30p.
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  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Children+with+disabilities%22">Children with disabilities</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Content+analysis%22">Content analysis</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Communicative+disorders%22">Communicative disorders</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Research+methodology%22">Research methodology</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Comparative+studies%22">Comparative studies</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Delphi+method%22">Delphi method</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Adolescence%22">Adolescence</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Children%22">Children</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Rehabilitation+for+brain+injury+patients%22">Rehabilitation for brain injury patients</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Consensus+%28Social+sciences%29%22">Consensus (Social sciences)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Executives%22">Executives</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Research+funding%22">Research funding</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Questionnaires%22">Questionnaires</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Functional+assessment%22">Functional assessment</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Treatment+effectiveness%22">Treatment effectiveness</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Descriptive+statistics%22">Descriptive statistics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Age+distribution%22">Age distribution</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cognition+disorders%22">Cognition disorders</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Convalescence%22">Convalescence</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Statistics%22">Statistics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Attitudes+of+medical+personnel%22">Attitudes of medical personnel</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Brain+injuries%22">Brain injuries</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Disease+complications%22">Disease complications</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Purpose: The aim of this study was to reach consensus among researchers, clinicians, and service managers on the most important outcomes of cognitivecommunication treatments for children and adolescents (ages 5-18 years) with traumatic brain injury, in the postacute stage of rehabilitation and beyond. Method: This is an international three-round e-Delphi study. In Round 1, participants answered three open-ended questions, generating important treatment outcomes at three stages of development (5-11, 12-15, and > 15-18 years). Results were analyzed using qualitative content analysis and combined with outcomes from a previous scoping review. In Rounds 2-3, outcome importance was ranked on a 9-point scale. Consensus was defined a priori with outcomes rated as being "essential" (7-9) by at least 70% of respondents and rated 1-3 by less than 15% of respondents. Consensus outcomes were linked to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). Results: A total of 360 outcomes met consensus for all age groups. For 5- to 11-year-old children, important outcomes linked almost equally to the Body Functions (n = 52, 13.1%) and Activity/Participation (n = 50, 12.6%) components of the ICF. Outcomes of "successful start to school," "return to school," and "school functioning" were uniquely important. For older children and adolescents, outcomes linked to the Activity/Participation component of the ICF most frequently (12-15 years: n = 62, 15.6%; > 15-18 years: n = 73, 18.4%). For older cohorts, unique outcomes of "emotional safety," "employment," and "life skill development" met consensus. Conclusions: Participants consider many outcomes, spanning most of the ICF, to be important for children and adolescents with cognitive-communication disorders (CCDs). As children and adolescents age, the importance of ICF components shifts, and distinct outcomes emerge, highlighting the necessity of developmentally relevant rehabilitation. The broad range of outcomes reaching consensus reflects pediatric CCD complexity and the need for holistic, personcentered care. Future research should explore the priorities of children and adolescents with CCDs and their families. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology is the property of American Speech-Language-Hearing Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1044/2025_AJSLP-24-00516
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 30
        StartPage: 3118
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Children with disabilities
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Content analysis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Communicative disorders
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Research methodology
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Comparative studies
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Delphi method
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      – SubjectFull: Adolescence
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Children
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Rehabilitation for brain injury patients
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      – SubjectFull: Consensus (Social sciences)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Executives
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      – SubjectFull: Research funding
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      – SubjectFull: Questionnaires
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Functional assessment
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      – SubjectFull: Treatment effectiveness
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      – SubjectFull: Descriptive statistics
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      – SubjectFull: Age distribution
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      – SubjectFull: Cognition disorders
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      – SubjectFull: Statistics
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      – SubjectFull: Attitudes of medical personnel
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      – SubjectFull: Brain injuries
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Disease complications
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    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Important Outcomes for Children and Adolescents With Cognitive-Communication Disorders After Traumatic Brain Injury: An International Multiperspective Consensus Study.
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              Text: Dec2025
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