Design a problem-based flipped classroom learning environment to promote postgraduates' research writing performance and perception.

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Title: Design a problem-based flipped classroom learning environment to promote postgraduates' research writing performance and perception.
Authors: Wan, Ping1 (AUTHOR) wanping96@126.com, Gu, Xiaoqing1 (AUTHOR) xqgu@ses.ecnu.edu.cn
Source: Educational Technology Research & Development. Dec2025, Vol. 73 Issue 6, p3763-3788. 26p.
Subject Terms: *Problem-based learning, *Flipped classrooms, *Critical thinking, *Educational evaluation, *Graduate students, *Readability (Literary style), *Academic discourse, Report writing
Abstract: This study aimed to examine writing performance, critical thinking tendency, and research writing reflection among postgraduates with different reading levels across different subject professional backgrounds. A problem-based flipped classroom learning environment was implemented to enhance graduates' research writing performance and perceptions. A total of 28 first-year postgraduates participated. The result revealed significant differences in research writing performance and critical thinking tendency between students with low reading levels (LRL) and those with high reading levels (HRL). Additionally, an interaction effect was observed between reading level and subject professional background on graduates' critical thinking tendencies. In the LRL group, the critical thinking tendency of students in this major is significantly higher than that of students in non-majors. Furthermore, Epistemic Network Analysis (ENA) indicated significant differences in research writing reflections between students with different reading levels and pre-test and post-test. However, no significant differences were found across different subjects professional backgrounds. These findings demonstrate that problem-based flipped classroom learning can improve research writing performance and perception. From the teaching perspective, it provides a reference for writing instruction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Educational Technology Research & Development is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Design a problem-based flipped classroom learning environment to promote postgraduates' research writing performance and perception.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wan%2C+Ping%22">Wan, Ping</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> wanping96@126.com</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Gu%2C+Xiaoqing%22">Gu, Xiaoqing</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> xqgu@ses.ecnu.edu.cn</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Educational+Technology+Research+%26+Development%22">Educational Technology Research & Development</searchLink>. Dec2025, Vol. 73 Issue 6, p3763-3788. 26p.
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  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Problem-based+learning%22">Problem-based learning</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Flipped+classrooms%22">Flipped classrooms</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Critical+thinking%22">Critical thinking</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Educational+evaluation%22">Educational evaluation</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Graduate+students%22">Graduate students</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Readability+%28Literary+style%29%22">Readability (Literary style)</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Academic+discourse%22">Academic discourse</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Report+writing%22">Report writing</searchLink>
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  Data: This study aimed to examine writing performance, critical thinking tendency, and research writing reflection among postgraduates with different reading levels across different subject professional backgrounds. A problem-based flipped classroom learning environment was implemented to enhance graduates' research writing performance and perceptions. A total of 28 first-year postgraduates participated. The result revealed significant differences in research writing performance and critical thinking tendency between students with low reading levels (LRL) and those with high reading levels (HRL). Additionally, an interaction effect was observed between reading level and subject professional background on graduates' critical thinking tendencies. In the LRL group, the critical thinking tendency of students in this major is significantly higher than that of students in non-majors. Furthermore, Epistemic Network Analysis (ENA) indicated significant differences in research writing reflections between students with different reading levels and pre-test and post-test. However, no significant differences were found across different subjects professional backgrounds. These findings demonstrate that problem-based flipped classroom learning can improve research writing performance and perception. From the teaching perspective, it provides a reference for writing instruction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Educational Technology Research & Development is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1007/s11423-025-10539-1
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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      – SubjectFull: Critical thinking
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      – SubjectFull: Educational evaluation
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      – SubjectFull: Graduate students
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      – SubjectFull: Academic discourse
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      – SubjectFull: Report writing
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              Text: Dec2025
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