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How prevalent are adverse academic outcomes following a school threat assessment?

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Title: How prevalent are adverse academic outcomes following a school threat assessment?
Authors: Maeng, Jennifer L.1 (AUTHOR) jlc7d@virginia.edu, Winter, Sonja D.2 (AUTHOR), Cornell, Dewey G.1 (AUTHOR), Kerere, Jordan1 (AUTHOR), Huang, Francis2 (AUTHOR), Konold, Timothy1 (AUTHOR), Afolabi, Kelvin1 (AUTHOR), Cowley, Deanne1 (AUTHOR)
Source: Preventing School Failure. 2026, Vol. 70 Issue 1, p44-55. 12p.
Subject Terms: *Dropout rates (Education), *Grade repetition, *School safety, *Achievement tests, *School failure, Violence prevention, Risk assessment
Geographic Terms: Florida, United States
Abstract: Behavioral threat assessment and management (BTAM) has become a widely used violence prevention strategy in U.S. schools. Previous studies have examined behavioral and disciplinary outcomes; this large-scale study examined adverse academic outcomes including course failure, state achievement test failure, grade retention, and dropout for 2287 students from 202 Florida high schools who received a threat assessment. State test failure rates were lower and dropout rates were similar to the general student enrollment. Bayesian multilevel logistic regression analyses found students who made substantive threats and Black students were at increased risk for adverse academic outcomes. Overall, study results indicate that many students receiving a threat assessment have academic support needs, but adverse academic outcomes do not appear to be elevated compared to the general student population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Preventing School Failure is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Education Research Complete
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Header DbId: ehh
DbLabel: Education Research Complete
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PubType: Academic Journal
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  Data: How prevalent are adverse academic outcomes following a school threat assessment?
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Maeng%2C+Jennifer+L%2E%22">Maeng, Jennifer L.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> jlc7d@virginia.edu</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Winter%2C+Sonja+D%2E%22">Winter, Sonja D.</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Cornell%2C+Dewey+G%2E%22">Cornell, Dewey G.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kerere%2C+Jordan%22">Kerere, Jordan</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Huang%2C+Francis%22">Huang, Francis</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Konold%2C+Timothy%22">Konold, Timothy</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Afolabi%2C+Kelvin%22">Afolabi, Kelvin</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Cowley%2C+Deanne%22">Cowley, Deanne</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Preventing+School+Failure%22">Preventing School Failure</searchLink>. 2026, Vol. 70 Issue 1, p44-55. 12p.
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  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Dropout+rates+%28Education%29%22">Dropout rates (Education)</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Grade+repetition%22">Grade repetition</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22School+safety%22">School safety</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Achievement+tests%22">Achievement tests</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22School+failure%22">School failure</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Violence+prevention%22">Violence prevention</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Risk+assessment%22">Risk assessment</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Florida%22">Florida</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22United+States%22">United States</searchLink>
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  Data: Behavioral threat assessment and management (BTAM) has become a widely used violence prevention strategy in U.S. schools. Previous studies have examined behavioral and disciplinary outcomes; this large-scale study examined adverse academic outcomes including course failure, state achievement test failure, grade retention, and dropout for 2287 students from 202 Florida high schools who received a threat assessment. State test failure rates were lower and dropout rates were similar to the general student enrollment. Bayesian multilevel logistic regression analyses found students who made substantive threats and Black students were at increased risk for adverse academic outcomes. Overall, study results indicate that many students receiving a threat assessment have academic support needs, but adverse academic outcomes do not appear to be elevated compared to the general student population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Preventing School Failure is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1080/1045988X.2025.2592205
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        Text: English
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        PageCount: 12
        StartPage: 44
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Dropout rates (Education)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Grade repetition
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: School safety
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Achievement tests
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: School failure
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Violence prevention
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Risk assessment
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Florida
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: United States
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      – TitleFull: How prevalent are adverse academic outcomes following a school threat assessment?
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              Text: 2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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