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Self-Efficacy for Independent Practice Business Skills Among Current Health Service Psychology Graduate Students and Recent Graduates.

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Title: Self-Efficacy for Independent Practice Business Skills Among Current Health Service Psychology Graduate Students and Recent Graduates.
Authors: Parent, Mike C.1 (AUTHOR) drmikeparent@gmail.com, Ingram, Paul B.2 (AUTHOR)
Source: Training & Education in Professional Psychology. Feb2026, Vol. 20 Issue 1, p7-14. 8p.
Subject Terms: *Clinical psychology, Trans men, Cross-sectional method, Self-efficacy, T-test (Statistics), Descriptive statistics, Business, Psychology, Analysis of variance, Data analysis software, Medical practice
Abstract: Starting or joining an independent practice is a common goal of health service psychology graduates, and having a practice be successful is helped by business-related knowledge and skills. This study examines self-efficacy for business aspects of independent practice among current and recent health service psychology graduate students. We compared self-efficacy across three groups of health service psychology participants (n = 242): current doctoral students, recent graduates in independent practice, and recent graduates not in or interested in independent practice. We identified four potential self-efficacy domains (practice logistics, insurance, payment self-efficacy, and PsyPact). Generally, we found low self-efficacy across independent practice skills and that self-efficacy did not strongly differ as a function of training program or experience. Graduates working in independent practice had higher self-efficacy across all domains except PsyPact self-efficacy, which was similarly low across groups. These findings are discussed in the context of training and career preparedness of health service psychology trainees. Public Significance Statement: This study reveals that both current graduate students and recent graduates in health service psychology feel unprepared for the business aspects of independent practice, indicating a need for enhanced training in this area. Improving education on independent practice operations could better equip future psychologists for successful careers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Training & Education in Professional Psychology is the property of American Psychological Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Education Research Complete
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  Data: Self-Efficacy for Independent Practice Business Skills Among Current Health Service Psychology Graduate Students and Recent Graduates.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Parent%2C+Mike+C%2E%22">Parent, Mike C.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> drmikeparent@gmail.com</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ingram%2C+Paul+B%2E%22">Ingram, Paul B.</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Training+%26+Education+in+Professional+Psychology%22">Training & Education in Professional Psychology</searchLink>. Feb2026, Vol. 20 Issue 1, p7-14. 8p.
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  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Clinical+psychology%22">Clinical psychology</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Trans+men%22">Trans men</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cross-sectional+method%22">Cross-sectional method</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Self-efficacy%22">Self-efficacy</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22T-test+%28Statistics%29%22">T-test (Statistics)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Descriptive+statistics%22">Descriptive statistics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Business%22">Business</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Psychology%22">Psychology</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Analysis+of+variance%22">Analysis of variance</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Data+analysis+software%22">Data analysis software</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Medical+practice%22">Medical practice</searchLink>
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  Label: Abstract
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  Data: Starting or joining an independent practice is a common goal of health service psychology graduates, and having a practice be successful is helped by business-related knowledge and skills. This study examines self-efficacy for business aspects of independent practice among current and recent health service psychology graduate students. We compared self-efficacy across three groups of health service psychology participants (n = 242): current doctoral students, recent graduates in independent practice, and recent graduates not in or interested in independent practice. We identified four potential self-efficacy domains (practice logistics, insurance, payment self-efficacy, and PsyPact). Generally, we found low self-efficacy across independent practice skills and that self-efficacy did not strongly differ as a function of training program or experience. Graduates working in independent practice had higher self-efficacy across all domains except PsyPact self-efficacy, which was similarly low across groups. These findings are discussed in the context of training and career preparedness of health service psychology trainees. Public Significance Statement: This study reveals that both current graduate students and recent graduates in health service psychology feel unprepared for the business aspects of independent practice, indicating a need for enhanced training in this area. Improving education on independent practice operations could better equip future psychologists for successful careers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Training & Education in Professional Psychology is the property of American Psychological Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=ehh&AN=190910390
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        Value: 10.1037/tep0000538
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        Text: English
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      – SubjectFull: Business
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      – SubjectFull: Analysis of variance
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      – SubjectFull: Data analysis software
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      – SubjectFull: Medical practice
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      – TitleFull: Self-Efficacy for Independent Practice Business Skills Among Current Health Service Psychology Graduate Students and Recent Graduates.
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              Text: Feb2026
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              Y: 2026
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