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Humming and electroglottography parameters of phonatory vocal fold contact in young phononormic adults.

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Title: Humming and electroglottography parameters of phonatory vocal fold contact in young phononormic adults.
Authors: Shaw, Amit1 (AUTHOR) stamitshaw@gmail.com, Yeshoda, Krishna1 (AUTHOR)
Source: Journal of the All India Institute of Speech & Hearing. Jul-Dec2025, Vol. 44 Issue 2, p110-117. 8p.
Subject Terms: *Data analysis, *Comparative studies, *Adults, Vocal cord physiology, Sound spectrography, Sex distribution, Statistical sampling, Acoustics, Electrodiagnosis, Descriptive statistics, Mann Whitney U Test, Friedman test (Statistics), Statistics, Human voice, Data analysis software, Glottis
Abstract: Purpose: Humming, a voice facilitation technique enlisted for soft, symmetrical contact of the vocal fold during voice production, may well be used for warm-up and or cool-down in regular voice users. The study aimed to investigate the effect of humming on vocal fold contact during phonation (humming, normal, and loud) using electroglottography (EGG) parameters in young phononormic individuals. Materials and Methods: Thirty students aged between 18 and 25 years formed two groups of participants as males and females. They were screened for normalcy of voice using consensus auditory-perceptual evaluation of voice before inclusion and completed three phonation tasks (normal phonation, loud phonation, and humming). EGG model 6103 of the Computerized Speech Lab 4500 (Kay Elemetrics, Lincoln Park, NJ, USA) was used to record and extract parameters. Results: In general, most EGG parameters showed significant differences across the groups except minimum F0. Significant differences were absent for males in humming and normal phonation. The median open quotient value was greater for females in all three tasks, contact quotient of normal and humming phonation for males was greater. Humming and loud phonation showed significant differences across gender, but in normal phonation, significance was noted only in a few parameters, namely, speed quotient, mean fundamental frequency, maximum fundamental frequency, and standard deviation of fundamental frequency. Conclusion: There exist changes in vocal fold adduction mechanism across different phonations, as shown evidently in some of the EGG parameters. Significance for EGG parameters between loud phonation and humming confirms that these tasks are useful to investigate vocal fold contact in dysphonic individuals as a posttherapeutic outcome measure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of the All India Institute of Speech & Hearing is the property of Wolters Kluwer India Pvt Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Humming and electroglottography parameters of phonatory vocal fold contact in young phononormic adults.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Shaw%2C+Amit%22">Shaw, Amit</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> stamitshaw@gmail.com</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Yeshoda%2C+Krishna%22">Yeshoda, Krishna</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+the+All+India+Institute+of+Speech+%26+Hearing%22">Journal of the All India Institute of Speech & Hearing</searchLink>. Jul-Dec2025, Vol. 44 Issue 2, p110-117. 8p.
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  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Data+analysis%22">Data analysis</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Comparative+studies%22">Comparative studies</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Adults%22">Adults</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Vocal+cord+physiology%22">Vocal cord physiology</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sound+spectrography%22">Sound spectrography</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sex+distribution%22">Sex distribution</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Statistical+sampling%22">Statistical sampling</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Acoustics%22">Acoustics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Electrodiagnosis%22">Electrodiagnosis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Descriptive+statistics%22">Descriptive statistics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mann+Whitney+U+Test%22">Mann Whitney U Test</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Friedman+test+%28Statistics%29%22">Friedman test (Statistics)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Statistics%22">Statistics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Human+voice%22">Human voice</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Data+analysis+software%22">Data analysis software</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Glottis%22">Glottis</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Purpose: Humming, a voice facilitation technique enlisted for soft, symmetrical contact of the vocal fold during voice production, may well be used for warm-up and or cool-down in regular voice users. The study aimed to investigate the effect of humming on vocal fold contact during phonation (humming, normal, and loud) using electroglottography (EGG) parameters in young phononormic individuals. Materials and Methods: Thirty students aged between 18 and 25 years formed two groups of participants as males and females. They were screened for normalcy of voice using consensus auditory-perceptual evaluation of voice before inclusion and completed three phonation tasks (normal phonation, loud phonation, and humming). EGG model 6103 of the Computerized Speech Lab 4500 (Kay Elemetrics, Lincoln Park, NJ, USA) was used to record and extract parameters. Results: In general, most EGG parameters showed significant differences across the groups except minimum F0. Significant differences were absent for males in humming and normal phonation. The median open quotient value was greater for females in all three tasks, contact quotient of normal and humming phonation for males was greater. Humming and loud phonation showed significant differences across gender, but in normal phonation, significance was noted only in a few parameters, namely, speed quotient, mean fundamental frequency, maximum fundamental frequency, and standard deviation of fundamental frequency. Conclusion: There exist changes in vocal fold adduction mechanism across different phonations, as shown evidently in some of the EGG parameters. Significance for EGG parameters between loud phonation and humming confirms that these tasks are useful to investigate vocal fold contact in dysphonic individuals as a posttherapeutic outcome measure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of the All India Institute of Speech & Hearing is the property of Wolters Kluwer India Pvt Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.4103/jaiish.jaiish_10_23
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 8
        StartPage: 110
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Data analysis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Comparative studies
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Adults
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Vocal cord physiology
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Sound spectrography
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Sex distribution
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Statistical sampling
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Acoustics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Electrodiagnosis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Descriptive statistics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Mann Whitney U Test
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Friedman test (Statistics)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Statistics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Human voice
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Data analysis software
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Glottis
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Humming and electroglottography parameters of phonatory vocal fold contact in young phononormic adults.
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          Name:
            NameFull: Shaw, Amit
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          Name:
            NameFull: Yeshoda, Krishna
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          Dates:
            – D: 01
              M: 07
              Text: Jul-Dec2025
              Type: published
              Y: 2025
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              Value: 0973662X
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              Value: 44
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            – TitleFull: Journal of the All India Institute of Speech & Hearing
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