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Adult life-span patterns in WAIS-R Block Design performance: Cross-sectional versus longitudinal age gradients and relations to demographic factors

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Title: Adult life-span patterns in WAIS-R Block Design performance: Cross-sectional versus longitudinal age gradients and relations to demographic factors
Authors: Rönnlund, Michael1 michael.ronnlund@psy.umu.se, Nilsson, Lars-Göran2
Source: Intelligence. Jan2006, Vol. 34 Issue 1, p63-78. 16p.
Subject Terms: *Intelligence tests, *Nonverbal intelligence tests, *Longitudinal method, *Aging, Kohs Block Design Test
Abstract: Abstract: Aging patterns in WAIS-R Block Design Test (BDT) were examined cross-sectionally and longitudinally. One sample (35–80 years, n =1000) was assessed in 1988–1990 and five years later (836 returned). An independent cohort-matched sample (n =974) was assessed at Time 2 to control for practice effects. Relations between BDT, gender, and education were examined. The cross-sectional analyses indicated a gradual age-related deterioration from 35 to 85 years. By contrast, the longitudinal data indicated stable performance from age 35 to 55, even when minor practice effects were adjusted for, and decline past age 55. Education-adjusted cross-sectional differences revealed similar patterns. A minor, age- and time invariant, male advantage was observed. Education predicted time-related change in BDT, such that higher education was associated with lesser decline. Collectively, the results demonstrate the need to control for cohort and retest effects in cross-sectional and longitudinal studies, and reveal interesting relations between BDT performance and demographic variables. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
Copyright of Intelligence is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Education Research Complete
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DbLabel: Education Research Complete
An: 19200353
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PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
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  Data: Adult life-span patterns in WAIS-R Block Design performance: Cross-sectional versus longitudinal age gradients and relations to demographic factors
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Intelligence%22">Intelligence</searchLink>. Jan2006, Vol. 34 Issue 1, p63-78. 16p.
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  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Intelligence+tests%22">Intelligence tests</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Nonverbal+intelligence+tests%22">Nonverbal intelligence tests</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Longitudinal+method%22">Longitudinal method</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Aging%22">Aging</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Kohs+Block+Design+Test%22">Kohs Block Design Test</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Abstract: Aging patterns in WAIS-R Block Design Test (BDT) were examined cross-sectionally and longitudinally. One sample (35–80 years, n =1000) was assessed in 1988–1990 and five years later (836 returned). An independent cohort-matched sample (n =974) was assessed at Time 2 to control for practice effects. Relations between BDT, gender, and education were examined. The cross-sectional analyses indicated a gradual age-related deterioration from 35 to 85 years. By contrast, the longitudinal data indicated stable performance from age 35 to 55, even when minor practice effects were adjusted for, and decline past age 55. Education-adjusted cross-sectional differences revealed similar patterns. A minor, age- and time invariant, male advantage was observed. Education predicted time-related change in BDT, such that higher education was associated with lesser decline. Collectively, the results demonstrate the need to control for cohort and retest effects in cross-sectional and longitudinal studies, and reveal interesting relations between BDT performance and demographic variables. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
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  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Intelligence is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1016/j.intell.2005.06.004
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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      – SubjectFull: Intelligence tests
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Nonverbal intelligence tests
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      – SubjectFull: Longitudinal method
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      – SubjectFull: Aging
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      – SubjectFull: Kohs Block Design Test
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      – TitleFull: Adult life-span patterns in WAIS-R Block Design performance: Cross-sectional versus longitudinal age gradients and relations to demographic factors
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              Text: Jan2006
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