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Underreported Demographic Factors in Apraxia of Speech Treatment Studies: Recommendations for Inclusive Research.

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Title: Underreported Demographic Factors in Apraxia of Speech Treatment Studies: Recommendations for Inclusive Research.
Authors: Bislick, Lauren1 Lauren.Bislick@ucf.edu, Utianski, Rene L.2, King, Charlotte3, Nealon, Kate4, Wambaugh, Julie5, Johnson, Rachel6, Haley, Katarina L.7
Source: Journal of Speech, Language & Hearing Research. Mar2026, Vol. 69 Issue 3, p998-1006. 9p.
Subject Terms: *Language & languages, *Speech therapy, Medical information storage & retrieval systems, Sex distribution, CINAHL database, Age distribution, Descriptive statistics, White people, Race, Systematic reviews, MEDLINE, Medical databases, Sociodemographic factors, Data analysis software, Speech apraxia, Social classes, Psychology information storage & retrieval systems
Abstract: Purpose: While acquired apraxia of speech (AOS) has been the focus of intervention research for decades, little information is reported about the demographic representation of study participants. This article examines the extent to which published AOS treatment studies report participants' age, sex/gender, race/ethnicity, language background, and socioeconomic status; identifies critical gaps in the literature; and considers implications for representativeness. This information supports the important call to capture these patient factors systematically and thereby advance equity in research and clinical care. Method: This study is part of a larger systematic review examining treatment outcomes for acquired AOS. A comprehensive search of databases from 1951 to April 2024 was completed to determine the proportion of treatment articles that reported demographic information related to diversity. Studies were reviewed by trained raters using a standardized data extraction protocol with a consensus protocol. Results: While participant age and sex/gender were reported in nearly all studies (99% and 100%, respectively), only 24% of studies reported on race/ethnicity, 15% provided information on participants' language background, and none reported socioeconomic status. Among studies that included race/ethnicity, 89% of the participants were White, with minimal representation of other racial/ethnic groups. Conclusions: The underreporting of race/ethnicity, language background, and socioeconomic factors limits the generalizability and ecological validity of AOS treatment research. The field must prioritize inclusive participant recruitment and consistent demographic reporting. We propose a practical template for use in both research and clinical contexts to support more thorough data collection and to inform future work in diagnosis, assessment, and intervention for AOS. Supplemental Material: https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.31172353 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Speech, Language & Hearing Research is the property of American Speech-Language-Hearing Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Education Research Complete
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  Data: Underreported Demographic Factors in Apraxia of Speech Treatment Studies: Recommendations for Inclusive Research.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Bislick%2C+Lauren%22">Bislick, Lauren</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><i> Lauren.Bislick@ucf.edu</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Utianski%2C+Rene+L%2E%22">Utianski, Rene L.</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22King%2C+Charlotte%22">King, Charlotte</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Nealon%2C+Kate%22">Nealon, Kate</searchLink><relatesTo>4</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wambaugh%2C+Julie%22">Wambaugh, Julie</searchLink><relatesTo>5</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Johnson%2C+Rachel%22">Johnson, Rachel</searchLink><relatesTo>6</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Haley%2C+Katarina+L%2E%22">Haley, Katarina L.</searchLink><relatesTo>7</relatesTo>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+Speech%2C+Language+%26+Hearing+Research%22">Journal of Speech, Language & Hearing Research</searchLink>. Mar2026, Vol. 69 Issue 3, p998-1006. 9p.
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  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Language+%26+languages%22">Language & languages</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Speech+therapy%22">Speech therapy</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Medical+information+storage+%26+retrieval+systems%22">Medical information storage & retrieval systems</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sex+distribution%22">Sex distribution</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22CINAHL+database%22">CINAHL database</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Age+distribution%22">Age distribution</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Descriptive+statistics%22">Descriptive statistics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22White+people%22">White people</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Race%22">Race</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Systematic+reviews%22">Systematic reviews</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22MEDLINE%22">MEDLINE</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Medical+databases%22">Medical databases</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sociodemographic+factors%22">Sociodemographic factors</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Data+analysis+software%22">Data analysis software</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Speech+apraxia%22">Speech apraxia</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Social+classes%22">Social classes</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Psychology+information+storage+%26+retrieval+systems%22">Psychology information storage & retrieval systems</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Purpose: While acquired apraxia of speech (AOS) has been the focus of intervention research for decades, little information is reported about the demographic representation of study participants. This article examines the extent to which published AOS treatment studies report participants' age, sex/gender, race/ethnicity, language background, and socioeconomic status; identifies critical gaps in the literature; and considers implications for representativeness. This information supports the important call to capture these patient factors systematically and thereby advance equity in research and clinical care. Method: This study is part of a larger systematic review examining treatment outcomes for acquired AOS. A comprehensive search of databases from 1951 to April 2024 was completed to determine the proportion of treatment articles that reported demographic information related to diversity. Studies were reviewed by trained raters using a standardized data extraction protocol with a consensus protocol. Results: While participant age and sex/gender were reported in nearly all studies (99% and 100%, respectively), only 24% of studies reported on race/ethnicity, 15% provided information on participants' language background, and none reported socioeconomic status. Among studies that included race/ethnicity, 89% of the participants were White, with minimal representation of other racial/ethnic groups. Conclusions: The underreporting of race/ethnicity, language background, and socioeconomic factors limits the generalizability and ecological validity of AOS treatment research. The field must prioritize inclusive participant recruitment and consistent demographic reporting. We propose a practical template for use in both research and clinical contexts to support more thorough data collection and to inform future work in diagnosis, assessment, and intervention for AOS. Supplemental Material: https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.31172353 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Speech, Language & Hearing Research is the property of American Speech-Language-Hearing Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=ehh&AN=192310461
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        Value: 10.1044/2025_JSLHR-25-00532
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        Text: English
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      – SubjectFull: Language & languages
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Speech therapy
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      – SubjectFull: Medical information storage & retrieval systems
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      – SubjectFull: Sex distribution
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              Text: Mar2026
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