The influence of socioeconomic status on students' mathematics achievement in secondary schools in Borama District, Somaliland.

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Title: The influence of socioeconomic status on students' mathematics achievement in secondary schools in Borama District, Somaliland.
Authors: Mousse, Ahmed1 (AUTHOR) ahmedarab@gmail.com, Abdo, Mohammed2 (AUTHOR) mameabdii22@gmail.com, Hunduma, Chala Mosisa2 (AUTHOR) gamulemos@yahoo.com, Tezera, Debela3 (AUTHOR) debelate@gmail.com
Source: Discover Education. 5/12/2026, Vol. 5 Issue 1, p1-19. 19p.
Subject Terms: *Socioeconomic status, *Mathematical ability testing, *Secondary education, *Educational equalization, Social policy
Geographic Terms: Somaliland
Abstract: Socioeconomic disparities continue to shape educational achievement globally, yet little is known about how these dynamics operate in fragile and under-researched contexts such as Somaliland. A cross-sectional survey of 365 students selected by stratified random selection was used in this study to assess the influence of socioeconomic status (SES) on secondary school students' mathematics achievement in Borama District. The mathematics scores were examined using descriptive statistics, and simple linear regression. The results showed that students from high-SES households had the highest mean achievement (M = 63.01, SD = 27.68), followed by moderate (M = 55.97, SD = 29.18) and low SES peers (M = 53.12, SD = 28.41. The results showed a weak but statistically significant association between mathematical achievement and socioeconomic level (F (1, 363) = 8.76, p = 0.003, adjusted R2 = 0.021. Each one-standard-deviation increase in the continuous SES composite score (derived from standardized components) resulted in an estimated 5.11-point gain in mathematics achievement. The effect size (f2 = 0.025) indicated a small but meaningful contribution. The results show a weak descriptive association between socioeconomic status and mathematical achievement. Possible institutional constraints that may limit the translation of family advantages into learning outcomes are discussed as, informed by prior literature, rather than as mechanisms directly tested in this study. These findings provide context-specific descriptive evidence for the association between socioeconomic status and mathematical achievement in a fragile education system. The findings also highlight the need for policies that combine household-level support (scholarships, cash transfers, and school feeding) with structural reforms in public education financing and teacher quality. Addressing these levels of inequality is critical for improving educational equity and making progress toward SDG 4 in Somaliland and other fragile contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Discover Education is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: The influence of socioeconomic status on students' mathematics achievement in secondary schools in Borama District, Somaliland.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Mousse%2C+Ahmed%22">Mousse, Ahmed</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> ahmedarab@gmail.com</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Abdo%2C+Mohammed%22">Abdo, Mohammed</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> mameabdii22@gmail.com</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hunduma%2C+Chala+Mosisa%22">Hunduma, Chala Mosisa</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> gamulemos@yahoo.com</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Tezera%2C+Debela%22">Tezera, Debela</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> debelate@gmail.com</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Discover+Education%22">Discover Education</searchLink>. 5/12/2026, Vol. 5 Issue 1, p1-19. 19p.
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  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Socioeconomic+status%22">Socioeconomic status</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mathematical+ability+testing%22">Mathematical ability testing</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Secondary+education%22">Secondary education</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Educational+equalization%22">Educational equalization</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Social+policy%22">Social policy</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Somaliland%22">Somaliland</searchLink>
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  Data: Socioeconomic disparities continue to shape educational achievement globally, yet little is known about how these dynamics operate in fragile and under-researched contexts such as Somaliland. A cross-sectional survey of 365 students selected by stratified random selection was used in this study to assess the influence of socioeconomic status (SES) on secondary school students' mathematics achievement in Borama District. The mathematics scores were examined using descriptive statistics, and simple linear regression. The results showed that students from high-SES households had the highest mean achievement (M = 63.01, SD = 27.68), followed by moderate (M = 55.97, SD = 29.18) and low SES peers (M = 53.12, SD = 28.41. The results showed a weak but statistically significant association between mathematical achievement and socioeconomic level (F (1, 363) = 8.76, p = 0.003, adjusted R2 = 0.021. Each one-standard-deviation increase in the continuous SES composite score (derived from standardized components) resulted in an estimated 5.11-point gain in mathematics achievement. The effect size (f2 = 0.025) indicated a small but meaningful contribution. The results show a weak descriptive association between socioeconomic status and mathematical achievement. Possible institutional constraints that may limit the translation of family advantages into learning outcomes are discussed as, informed by prior literature, rather than as mechanisms directly tested in this study. These findings provide context-specific descriptive evidence for the association between socioeconomic status and mathematical achievement in a fragile education system. The findings also highlight the need for policies that combine household-level support (scholarships, cash transfers, and school feeding) with structural reforms in public education financing and teacher quality. Addressing these levels of inequality is critical for improving educational equity and making progress toward SDG 4 in Somaliland and other fragile contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Discover Education is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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