Will we be capable? Creating and validating the AVACIE scale to evaluate pre-service teachers' self-competence in assessing cyberbullying.

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Title: Will we be capable? Creating and validating the AVACIE scale to evaluate pre-service teachers' self-competence in assessing cyberbullying.
Authors: Bautista, Pablo1 (AUTHOR), Vicente, Eva2 (AUTHOR), Cano, Jacobo1 (AUTHOR) jcano@unizar.es
Source: European Journal of Teacher Education. Jul2026, Vol. 49 Issue 3, p648-664. 17p.
Subject Terms: *Teacher education, *Primary education, Cyberbullying, Self-efficacy, Gender differences (Sociology), Psychometrics, Structural equation modeling
Abstract: Future teachers need to be competent in supporting students and families to detect and cope with cyberbullying. The objectives of this study are to create and validate the AVACIE scale to evaluate future teachers' self-competence. 332 university students from the Primary Education Teacher Training Degree were recruited. The AVACIE scale consists of four factors and a total of 14 items measured on a 10-point Likert scale. Internal consistency was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega. The validity of the scale was confirmed through CFA using the maximum likelihood robust method. Finally, multigroup analysis of structural equations models (SEM) was also included to ascertain the possible role of gender in the model. SEM's goodness of fit was adequate for both genders, and significant differences were found in the correlation between factors. The AVACIE scale could provide a starting point for understanding how to approach university education to face of cyberbullying. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of European Journal of Teacher Education is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Will we be capable? Creating and validating the AVACIE scale to evaluate pre-service teachers' self-competence in assessing cyberbullying.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Bautista%2C+Pablo%22">Bautista, Pablo</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Vicente%2C+Eva%22">Vicente, Eva</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Cano%2C+Jacobo%22">Cano, Jacobo</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> jcano@unizar.es</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22European+Journal+of+Teacher+Education%22">European Journal of Teacher Education</searchLink>. Jul2026, Vol. 49 Issue 3, p648-664. 17p.
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  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Teacher+education%22">Teacher education</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Primary+education%22">Primary education</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cyberbullying%22">Cyberbullying</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Self-efficacy%22">Self-efficacy</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Gender+differences+%28Sociology%29%22">Gender differences (Sociology)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Psychometrics%22">Psychometrics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Structural+equation+modeling%22">Structural equation modeling</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
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  Data: Future teachers need to be competent in supporting students and families to detect and cope with cyberbullying. The objectives of this study are to create and validate the AVACIE scale to evaluate future teachers' self-competence. 332 university students from the Primary Education Teacher Training Degree were recruited. The AVACIE scale consists of four factors and a total of 14 items measured on a 10-point Likert scale. Internal consistency was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega. The validity of the scale was confirmed through CFA using the maximum likelihood robust method. Finally, multigroup analysis of structural equations models (SEM) was also included to ascertain the possible role of gender in the model. SEM's goodness of fit was adequate for both genders, and significant differences were found in the correlation between factors. The AVACIE scale could provide a starting point for understanding how to approach university education to face of cyberbullying. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of European Journal of Teacher Education is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1080/02619768.2024.2372448
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 17
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      – SubjectFull: Teacher education
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Primary education
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Cyberbullying
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Self-efficacy
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Gender differences (Sociology)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Psychometrics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Structural equation modeling
        Type: general
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      – TitleFull: Will we be capable? Creating and validating the AVACIE scale to evaluate pre-service teachers' self-competence in assessing cyberbullying.
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            NameFull: Bautista, Pablo
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            NameFull: Vicente, Eva
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            NameFull: Cano, Jacobo
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            – D: 01
              M: 07
              Text: Jul2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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            – TitleFull: European Journal of Teacher Education
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