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Relationships of Barriers to Employment with Work Life Expectancy among Participants with Spinal Cord Injury.

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Title: Relationships of Barriers to Employment with Work Life Expectancy among Participants with Spinal Cord Injury.
Authors: Krause, James S1 (AUTHOR) krause@musc.edu, Dismuke-Greer, Clara E2 (AUTHOR), Harris, Michael W1 (AUTHOR), Reed, Karla S1,3 (AUTHOR)
Source: Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation. Jul2026, Vol. 65 Issue 1, p41-49. 9p.
Subject Terms: *Self-evaluation, *Dismissal of employees, *Confidence, *Motivation (Psychology), *Longitudinal method, *Vocational rehabilitation, *Employment, *Supported employment, Work capacity evaluation, Research funding, Life expectancy, Socioeconomic factors, Spinal cord injuries, Descriptive statistics, Labor market, Kaplan-Meier estimator, Veterans, Data analysis software, Confidence intervals, Industrial hygiene, Proportional hazards models
Abstract: Background: Vocational rehabilitation counselors and policymakers need to better understand barriers to employment, not just related to the initial transition to employment, but to the length and quality of employment throughout the entire work lifecycle. Objective: Our purpose was to identify the relationships of four types of barriers to employment with work life expectancy (WLE) among participants with spinal cord injury (SCI). Method: Using self-report data, we applied a survival model to identify hazard of departure from the labor force, as a function of demographic, SCI, and socioeconomic characteristics, veteran status, and the four types of barriers to employment. Results: Hazard of loss of employment and reduced WLE were associated with each of four types of barriers to employment, when considering one factor at a time. The four sets of barriers were: health considerations, poor job fit, low motivation/confidence, and lack of resources. When considering all factors simultaneously, all remained significant, except lack of resources. The findings identified relative importance of each type of barrier in relation to hazard of job loss and WLE. Conclusion: Vocational rehabilitation counselors may utilize the findings to explore barriers to employment and diminished WLE among those with SCI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Label: Title
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  Data: Relationships of Barriers to Employment with Work Life Expectancy among Participants with Spinal Cord Injury.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Krause%2C+James+S%22">Krause, James S</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> krause@musc.edu</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Dismuke-Greer%2C+Clara+E%22">Dismuke-Greer, Clara E</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Harris%2C+Michael+W%22">Harris, Michael W</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Reed%2C+Karla+S%22">Reed, Karla S</searchLink><relatesTo>1,3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+Vocational+Rehabilitation%22">Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation</searchLink>. Jul2026, Vol. 65 Issue 1, p41-49. 9p.
– Name: Subject
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  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Self-evaluation%22">Self-evaluation</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Dismissal+of+employees%22">Dismissal of employees</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Confidence%22">Confidence</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Motivation+%28Psychology%29%22">Motivation (Psychology)</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Longitudinal+method%22">Longitudinal method</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Vocational+rehabilitation%22">Vocational rehabilitation</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Employment%22">Employment</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Supported+employment%22">Supported employment</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Work+capacity+evaluation%22">Work capacity evaluation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Research+funding%22">Research funding</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Life+expectancy%22">Life expectancy</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Socioeconomic+factors%22">Socioeconomic factors</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Spinal+cord+injuries%22">Spinal cord injuries</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Descriptive+statistics%22">Descriptive statistics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Labor+market%22">Labor market</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Kaplan-Meier+estimator%22">Kaplan-Meier estimator</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Veterans%22">Veterans</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Data+analysis+software%22">Data analysis software</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Confidence+intervals%22">Confidence intervals</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Industrial+hygiene%22">Industrial hygiene</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Proportional+hazards+models%22">Proportional hazards models</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Background: Vocational rehabilitation counselors and policymakers need to better understand barriers to employment, not just related to the initial transition to employment, but to the length and quality of employment throughout the entire work lifecycle. Objective: Our purpose was to identify the relationships of four types of barriers to employment with work life expectancy (WLE) among participants with spinal cord injury (SCI). Method: Using self-report data, we applied a survival model to identify hazard of departure from the labor force, as a function of demographic, SCI, and socioeconomic characteristics, veteran status, and the four types of barriers to employment. Results: Hazard of loss of employment and reduced WLE were associated with each of four types of barriers to employment, when considering one factor at a time. The four sets of barriers were: health considerations, poor job fit, low motivation/confidence, and lack of resources. When considering all factors simultaneously, all remained significant, except lack of resources. The findings identified relative importance of each type of barrier in relation to hazard of job loss and WLE. Conclusion: Vocational rehabilitation counselors may utilize the findings to explore barriers to employment and diminished WLE among those with SCI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=ehh&AN=194674909
RecordInfo BibRecord:
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    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1177/10522263261449104
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 9
        StartPage: 41
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Self-evaluation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Dismissal of employees
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Confidence
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Motivation (Psychology)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Longitudinal method
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Vocational rehabilitation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Employment
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Supported employment
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Work capacity evaluation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Research funding
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Life expectancy
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Socioeconomic factors
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Spinal cord injuries
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Descriptive statistics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Labor market
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Kaplan-Meier estimator
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Veterans
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Data analysis software
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Confidence intervals
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Industrial hygiene
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Proportional hazards models
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Relationships of Barriers to Employment with Work Life Expectancy among Participants with Spinal Cord Injury.
        Type: main
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            NameFull: Krause, James S
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            NameFull: Dismuke-Greer, Clara E
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            NameFull: Harris, Michael W
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            – D: 01
              M: 07
              Text: Jul2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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