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'I know that I Am going to Be shaky': Drivers and impacts of medical educator behavior when teaching sexual and gender minority health.

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Title: 'I know that I Am going to Be shaky': Drivers and impacts of medical educator behavior when teaching sexual and gender minority health.
Authors: Duong, Khoa D.1,2 (AUTHOR), Spohn, Shelby3 (AUTHOR), Guss, Hayden3 (AUTHOR), Streed Jr., Carl G.4,5 (AUTHOR), Zumwalt, Ann C.6 (AUTHOR) azumwalt@bu.edu
Source: Medical Teacher. Jul2026, Vol. 48 Issue 7, p1148-1158. 11p.
Subject Terms: *Medical school faculty, *Curriculum, *Fear, *Qualitative research, *Focus groups, *Psychology of college students, *Cultural pluralism, Health status indicators, Research funding, Interviewing, Judgment sampling, Thematic analysis, Health behavior, Sexual minorities, Human comfort, Social support, Psychosocial factors
Abstract: Introduction: Medical educators increasingly recognize the need to improve training about the health and healthcare of sexual and gender minority (SGM) populations, yet many report uncertainty about how to address these topics in teaching. Pervasive cisheteronormativity in the medical education system necessitates intentional effort to improve SGM teaching. This study explores the drivers and impacts of medical educator behavior when teaching about SGM individuals and their health. Methods: We conducted seven faculty educator interviews and four student focus groups (third- and fourth-year medical students, N = 18), representing experiences across the four-year medical curriculum. We used an inductive approach to identify themes about faculty behavior around SGM topics and the impacts of these behaviors on students. Results: Faculty and students consistently value respect for SGM patients and populations. However, variability in educator comfort, local culture, and curricular complexity create inconsistent educational quality. We identified four themes: (1) SGM health education occurs through modalities beyond the formal curriculum; (2) Structural factors drive variability in SGM education; (3) Perceived importance of teaching SGM topics is tied to clinical relevance, empathy, and lived experience; and (4) Educator comfort is tied to fear of mistakes, growth mindset, and support. Discussion: Quality of SGM teaching is driven not just by inclusion of SGM content but also by how educators engage with the information. SGM teaching quality is driven by educator perception of control in teaching about SGM health (e.g. knowledge, comfort, fear of making mistakes, extent of institutional support) and local norms about SGM inclusion in teaching. Institutional leadership can foster SGM inclusivity in medical curricula by providing intentional faculty development, supporting a growth mindset culture for educators, and providing centralized oversight of SGM content across the curriculum. These strategies promote alignment among educators and a cohesive curriculum for preparing future clinicians to care for SGM patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Medical Teacher is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: 'I know that I Am going to Be shaky': Drivers and impacts of medical educator behavior when teaching sexual and gender minority health.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Duong%2C+Khoa+D%2E%22">Duong, Khoa D.</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Spohn%2C+Shelby%22">Spohn, Shelby</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Guss%2C+Hayden%22">Guss, Hayden</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Streed+Jr%2E%2C+Carl+G%2E%22">Streed Jr., Carl G.</searchLink><relatesTo>4,5</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zumwalt%2C+Ann+C%2E%22">Zumwalt, Ann C.</searchLink><relatesTo>6</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> azumwalt@bu.edu</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Medical+Teacher%22">Medical Teacher</searchLink>. Jul2026, Vol. 48 Issue 7, p1148-1158. 11p.
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– Name: Abstract
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  Data: Introduction: Medical educators increasingly recognize the need to improve training about the health and healthcare of sexual and gender minority (SGM) populations, yet many report uncertainty about how to address these topics in teaching. Pervasive cisheteronormativity in the medical education system necessitates intentional effort to improve SGM teaching. This study explores the drivers and impacts of medical educator behavior when teaching about SGM individuals and their health. Methods: We conducted seven faculty educator interviews and four student focus groups (third- and fourth-year medical students, N = 18), representing experiences across the four-year medical curriculum. We used an inductive approach to identify themes about faculty behavior around SGM topics and the impacts of these behaviors on students. Results: Faculty and students consistently value respect for SGM patients and populations. However, variability in educator comfort, local culture, and curricular complexity create inconsistent educational quality. We identified four themes: (1) SGM health education occurs through modalities beyond the formal curriculum; (2) Structural factors drive variability in SGM education; (3) Perceived importance of teaching SGM topics is tied to clinical relevance, empathy, and lived experience; and (4) Educator comfort is tied to fear of mistakes, growth mindset, and support. Discussion: Quality of SGM teaching is driven not just by inclusion of SGM content but also by how educators engage with the information. SGM teaching quality is driven by educator perception of control in teaching about SGM health (e.g. knowledge, comfort, fear of making mistakes, extent of institutional support) and local norms about SGM inclusion in teaching. Institutional leadership can foster SGM inclusivity in medical curricula by providing intentional faculty development, supporting a growth mindset culture for educators, and providing centralized oversight of SGM content across the curriculum. These strategies promote alignment among educators and a cohesive curriculum for preparing future clinicians to care for SGM patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Medical Teacher is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1080/0142159X.2025.2609723
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 11
        StartPage: 1148
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Medical school faculty
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Curriculum
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Fear
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Qualitative research
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      – SubjectFull: Focus groups
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      – SubjectFull: Psychology of college students
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      – SubjectFull: Health status indicators
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      – SubjectFull: Research funding
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      – SubjectFull: Interviewing
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      – SubjectFull: Thematic analysis
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      – SubjectFull: Sexual minorities
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      – SubjectFull: Social support
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      – SubjectFull: Psychosocial factors
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      – TitleFull: 'I know that I Am going to Be shaky': Drivers and impacts of medical educator behavior when teaching sexual and gender minority health.
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              Text: Jul2026
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