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Focusing on the III Strategic Priority of National Action Plan on Antimicrobial Resistance Through the Baseline Assessment of Indicators of Infection Prevention and Control in a Provincial Hospital in Nepal: A Quality Improvement Project.

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Title: Focusing on the III Strategic Priority of National Action Plan on Antimicrobial Resistance Through the Baseline Assessment of Indicators of Infection Prevention and Control in a Provincial Hospital in Nepal: A Quality Improvement Project.
Authors: Pathak, Nabin1,2 (AUTHOR) pathaknabin89@gmail.com, Shrestha, Prerana1 (AUTHOR), Dhungana, Shreya3 (AUTHOR), Barma, Sachita4 (AUTHOR), Manandhar, Sujil5 (AUTHOR), Jha, Prabhat Kumar2 (AUTHOR), Karki, Subash6 (AUTHOR), Badu, Surendra Dev7 (AUTHOR), Bidari, Prashant8 (AUTHOR), Shrestha, Sunil9,10 (AUTHOR)
Source: Inquiry (00469580). 06/24/2026, Vol. 63, p1-14. 14p.
Subject Terms: *Human services programs, *Working hours, *Labor supply, *Employees' workload, Cross infection prevention, Public hospitals, Cross-sectional method, Auditing, Medical protocols, Hospital utilization, Infection control, Drug resistance in microorganisms, Evaluation of human services programs, Antimicrobial stewardship, Judgment sampling, Descriptive statistics, Conceptual structures, Quality assurance, Data analysis software
Geographic Terms: Nepal
Abstract: Introduction: Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) is a science-based, practical approach that protects patients and healthcare workers by reducing hospital-associated infections (HAIs) and tackling antimicrobial resistance (AMR). The study aims to assess the baseline status of IPC in a provincial hospital in Nepal to help propose an action plan for implementation and mitigate the burgeoning issue of AMR. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted as a quality improvement project at one of the provincial hospital of Nepal using the structured World Health Organization (WHO) Infection Prevention and Control Assessment Framework (IPCAF) tool to perform a baseline assessment. The IPCAF tool's 8 core components and 81 indicators were assessed to determine the hospital's IPC status and to propose an action plan to facilitate IPC-related activities. After receiving the data, it was entered into MS Excel 2013, analyzed for the indicator scores, and visualized using R Version 4.5.2. Result: The total score for the eight basic IPC indicators was 397.5/800, indicating that the facility operated at a "basic" IPC level (score range: 201-400). The highest score was in Monitoring/audits of IPC practices and feedback (77.5), indicating relative strength. Moderate scores were seen in IPC programme (60) and IPC guidelines (62.5), followed by HAI surveillance (55) and IPC education and training (50). Three indicators scored below 50, indicating poor adherence to the international guideline (IPCAF) and critical gaps that underscore the need for urgent attention. Conclusion: This first IPC assessment at one of the provincial hospital revealed a "Basic" IPC status, highlighting critical gaps in areas like Multimodal strategies, workload, staffing and bed occupancy, resources, materials, and equipment for IPC, and IPC education and training. Despite a few strengths, the findings call for an urgent, time-limited, and team-based approach with effective implementation and ongoing monitoring of the IPC action plan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Inquiry (00469580) is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Education Research Complete
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  Data: Focusing on the III Strategic Priority of National Action Plan on Antimicrobial Resistance Through the Baseline Assessment of Indicators of Infection Prevention and Control in a Provincial Hospital in Nepal: A Quality Improvement Project.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Pathak%2C+Nabin%22">Pathak, Nabin</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> pathaknabin89@gmail.com</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Shrestha%2C+Prerana%22">Shrestha, Prerana</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Dhungana%2C+Shreya%22">Dhungana, Shreya</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Barma%2C+Sachita%22">Barma, Sachita</searchLink><relatesTo>4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Manandhar%2C+Sujil%22">Manandhar, Sujil</searchLink><relatesTo>5</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Jha%2C+Prabhat+Kumar%22">Jha, Prabhat Kumar</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Karki%2C+Subash%22">Karki, Subash</searchLink><relatesTo>6</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Badu%2C+Surendra+Dev%22">Badu, Surendra Dev</searchLink><relatesTo>7</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Bidari%2C+Prashant%22">Bidari, Prashant</searchLink><relatesTo>8</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Shrestha%2C+Sunil%22">Shrestha, Sunil</searchLink><relatesTo>9,10</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Inquiry+%2800469580%29%22">Inquiry (00469580)</searchLink>. 06/24/2026, Vol. 63, p1-14. 14p.
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  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Human+services+programs%22">Human services programs</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Working+hours%22">Working hours</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Labor+supply%22">Labor supply</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Employees'+workload%22">Employees' workload</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cross+infection+prevention%22">Cross infection prevention</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Public+hospitals%22">Public hospitals</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cross-sectional+method%22">Cross-sectional method</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Auditing%22">Auditing</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Medical+protocols%22">Medical protocols</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Hospital+utilization%22">Hospital utilization</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Infection+control%22">Infection control</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Drug+resistance+in+microorganisms%22">Drug resistance in microorganisms</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Evaluation+of+human+services+programs%22">Evaluation of human services programs</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Antimicrobial+stewardship%22">Antimicrobial stewardship</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Judgment+sampling%22">Judgment sampling</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Descriptive+statistics%22">Descriptive statistics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Conceptual+structures%22">Conceptual structures</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Quality+assurance%22">Quality assurance</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Data+analysis+software%22">Data analysis software</searchLink>
– Name: SubjectGeographic
  Label: Geographic Terms
  Group: Su
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Nepal%22">Nepal</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Introduction: Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) is a science-based, practical approach that protects patients and healthcare workers by reducing hospital-associated infections (HAIs) and tackling antimicrobial resistance (AMR). The study aims to assess the baseline status of IPC in a provincial hospital in Nepal to help propose an action plan for implementation and mitigate the burgeoning issue of AMR. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted as a quality improvement project at one of the provincial hospital of Nepal using the structured World Health Organization (WHO) Infection Prevention and Control Assessment Framework (IPCAF) tool to perform a baseline assessment. The IPCAF tool's 8 core components and 81 indicators were assessed to determine the hospital's IPC status and to propose an action plan to facilitate IPC-related activities. After receiving the data, it was entered into MS Excel 2013, analyzed for the indicator scores, and visualized using R Version 4.5.2. Result: The total score for the eight basic IPC indicators was 397.5/800, indicating that the facility operated at a "basic" IPC level (score range: 201-400). The highest score was in Monitoring/audits of IPC practices and feedback (77.5), indicating relative strength. Moderate scores were seen in IPC programme (60) and IPC guidelines (62.5), followed by HAI surveillance (55) and IPC education and training (50). Three indicators scored below 50, indicating poor adherence to the international guideline (IPCAF) and critical gaps that underscore the need for urgent attention. Conclusion: This first IPC assessment at one of the provincial hospital revealed a "Basic" IPC status, highlighting critical gaps in areas like Multimodal strategies, workload, staffing and bed occupancy, resources, materials, and equipment for IPC, and IPC education and training. Despite a few strengths, the findings call for an urgent, time-limited, and team-based approach with effective implementation and ongoing monitoring of the IPC action plan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Inquiry (00469580) is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=ehh&AN=194843278
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1177/00469580261463905
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 14
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      – SubjectFull: Human services programs
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Working hours
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Labor supply
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Employees' workload
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Cross infection prevention
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      – SubjectFull: Public hospitals
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Cross-sectional method
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Auditing
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Medical protocols
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      – SubjectFull: Hospital utilization
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      – SubjectFull: Infection control
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Drug resistance in microorganisms
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      – SubjectFull: Evaluation of human services programs
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      – SubjectFull: Nepal
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              Text: 06/24/2026
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