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Correlation of Radiological and Polysomnographic Indicators of Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Children with Adenoid Hypertrophy.

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Title: Correlation of Radiological and Polysomnographic Indicators of Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Children with Adenoid Hypertrophy.
Authors: Elhady, Marwa1 marwaelhady93@yahoo.com, Soliman, Khadiga Abdallah Abdrabou2 Mustafahamzawy7@gmail.com, Abd Elhay, Osama Mohammad Mohammad3 Osama.abdelhay44@azhar.edu.eg, Saif Eldin, Doaa Abd Elhallim2 d2841981@gmail.com, Shalaby, Gehan S.4 gehan.shalaby@yahoo.com, Mohamed, Bothina Ahmed2 Gehan.saeed@azhar.edu.eg, Zain Elabdeen, Hebatullah Ali2 drbothinabendary@gmail.com, Abdelaal, Asmaa Fathy Elsyed2,5 Hebatullah12384@gmail.com, Belih, Mohamed Abouelnaga Mohamed6 Asmaafathy611980@gmail.com, Hasan, Ahmed Ibrahim mostafa7 mohamed@yahoo.com, Abdelhalim, Eatemad Nabil8 dr_fayad@azhar.edu.eg, Dawa, Talal Abd Allah mohammed9 eatemad_nabil@yahoo.com, Ahmed, Amal M.10 dr_talal2008@hotmail.com, Zaazaa, Mustafa Mohammed11 amal_fattal@hotmail.com, Alobaidy, Mohammad Ahmad12 mostufazazaa.752000@gmail.com, Zaazaa, Ahmed Mohammed11 alobaidy@yahoo.com, Faruk, Eman Mohamed13,14 zaazaa.ahmed58@gmail.com
Source: International Journal of Special Education. 2026 Special Issue, Vol. 41, p880-890. 11p.
Subject Terms: Adenoids, Polysomnography, Cytokines, Pediatrics, Sleep apnea syndromes, Radiology, Sleep disorders
Abstract: Adenoid inflammatory cytokines can facilitate accurate diagnosis and treatment. The adenoidal nasopharyngeal ratio (ANR) is a noninvasive simple tool to evaluate the adenoid size. Our study aimed to assess the correlation between ANR and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) severity in children with adenoid hypertrophy based on inflammatory markers. This case-control study included 25 children with confirmed adenoid hypertrophy and 25 healthy children as controls (aged 3–13 years). ANR was determined using lateral nasopharynx radiography. Sleep-disordered breathing was evaluated using a sleep habit questionnaire and polysomnography. Clinical and polysomnographic data were correlated to ANR. 68% of children with adenoid hypertrophy had OSA. ANR was significantly higher in children with OSA than those without OSA. ANR has a significant positive correlation to the Apnea/Hypopnea Index and a significant negative correlation with sleep efficiency%, and sleep habit scores. At a cut-off point of ≥0.755, ANR has 76.5% sensitivity and 87.5% specificity to predict OSA in children with adenoid hypertrophy. Snoring (OR 26.667; C.I.95%:2.242 - 317.147) and ANR ≥0.752 (OR 22.75; C.I.95%:2.114 – 244.868) are predictors for OSA in children with adenoid hypertrophy. ANR is well correlated to sleep habit questionnaire scores and polysomnographic indicators of OSA. ANR and inflammatory cytokines can be used for screening of OSA in children with adenoid hypertrophy, helping identify those who need a referral for polysomnography. In children with adenotonsillar hypertrophy, instead of treatment, appropriate treatments for other factors are required as OSA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of International Journal of Special Education is the property of International Journal of Special Education and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Education Research Complete
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  Data: Correlation of Radiological and Polysomnographic Indicators of Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Children with Adenoid Hypertrophy.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Elhady%2C+Marwa%22">Elhady, Marwa</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><i> marwaelhady93@yahoo.com</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Soliman%2C+Khadiga+Abdallah+Abdrabou%22">Soliman, Khadiga Abdallah Abdrabou</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo><i> Mustafahamzawy7@gmail.com</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Abd+Elhay%2C+Osama+Mohammad+Mohammad%22">Abd Elhay, Osama Mohammad Mohammad</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo><i> Osama.abdelhay44@azhar.edu.eg</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Saif+Eldin%2C+Doaa+Abd+Elhallim%22">Saif Eldin, Doaa Abd Elhallim</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo><i> d2841981@gmail.com</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Shalaby%2C+Gehan+S%2E%22">Shalaby, Gehan S.</searchLink><relatesTo>4</relatesTo><i> gehan.shalaby@yahoo.com</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Mohamed%2C+Bothina+Ahmed%22">Mohamed, Bothina Ahmed</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo><i> Gehan.saeed@azhar.edu.eg</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zain+Elabdeen%2C+Hebatullah+Ali%22">Zain Elabdeen, Hebatullah Ali</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo><i> drbothinabendary@gmail.com</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Abdelaal%2C+Asmaa+Fathy+Elsyed%22">Abdelaal, Asmaa Fathy Elsyed</searchLink><relatesTo>2,5</relatesTo><i> Hebatullah12384@gmail.com</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Belih%2C+Mohamed+Abouelnaga+Mohamed%22">Belih, Mohamed Abouelnaga Mohamed</searchLink><relatesTo>6</relatesTo><i> Asmaafathy611980@gmail.com</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hasan%2C+Ahmed+Ibrahim+mostafa%22">Hasan, Ahmed Ibrahim mostafa</searchLink><relatesTo>7</relatesTo><i> mohamed@yahoo.com</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Abdelhalim%2C+Eatemad+Nabil%22">Abdelhalim, Eatemad Nabil</searchLink><relatesTo>8</relatesTo><i> dr_fayad@azhar.edu.eg</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Dawa%2C+Talal+Abd+Allah+mohammed%22">Dawa, Talal Abd Allah mohammed</searchLink><relatesTo>9</relatesTo><i> eatemad_nabil@yahoo.com</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ahmed%2C+Amal+M%2E%22">Ahmed, Amal M.</searchLink><relatesTo>10</relatesTo><i> dr_talal2008@hotmail.com</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zaazaa%2C+Mustafa+Mohammed%22">Zaazaa, Mustafa Mohammed</searchLink><relatesTo>11</relatesTo><i> amal_fattal@hotmail.com</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Alobaidy%2C+Mohammad+Ahmad%22">Alobaidy, Mohammad Ahmad</searchLink><relatesTo>12</relatesTo><i> mostufazazaa.752000@gmail.com</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zaazaa%2C+Ahmed+Mohammed%22">Zaazaa, Ahmed Mohammed</searchLink><relatesTo>11</relatesTo><i> alobaidy@yahoo.com</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Faruk%2C+Eman+Mohamed%22">Faruk, Eman Mohamed</searchLink><relatesTo>13,14</relatesTo><i> zaazaa.ahmed58@gmail.com</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22International+Journal+of+Special+Education%22">International Journal of Special Education</searchLink>. 2026 Special Issue, Vol. 41, p880-890. 11p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Adenoids%22">Adenoids</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Polysomnography%22">Polysomnography</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cytokines%22">Cytokines</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Pediatrics%22">Pediatrics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sleep+apnea+syndromes%22">Sleep apnea syndromes</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Radiology%22">Radiology</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sleep+disorders%22">Sleep disorders</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Adenoid inflammatory cytokines can facilitate accurate diagnosis and treatment. The adenoidal nasopharyngeal ratio (ANR) is a noninvasive simple tool to evaluate the adenoid size. Our study aimed to assess the correlation between ANR and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) severity in children with adenoid hypertrophy based on inflammatory markers. This case-control study included 25 children with confirmed adenoid hypertrophy and 25 healthy children as controls (aged 3–13 years). ANR was determined using lateral nasopharynx radiography. Sleep-disordered breathing was evaluated using a sleep habit questionnaire and polysomnography. Clinical and polysomnographic data were correlated to ANR. 68% of children with adenoid hypertrophy had OSA. ANR was significantly higher in children with OSA than those without OSA. ANR has a significant positive correlation to the Apnea/Hypopnea Index and a significant negative correlation with sleep efficiency%, and sleep habit scores. At a cut-off point of ≥0.755, ANR has 76.5% sensitivity and 87.5% specificity to predict OSA in children with adenoid hypertrophy. Snoring (OR 26.667; C.I.95%:2.242 - 317.147) and ANR ≥0.752 (OR 22.75; C.I.95%:2.114 – 244.868) are predictors for OSA in children with adenoid hypertrophy. ANR is well correlated to sleep habit questionnaire scores and polysomnographic indicators of OSA. ANR and inflammatory cytokines can be used for screening of OSA in children with adenoid hypertrophy, helping identify those who need a referral for polysomnography. In children with adenotonsillar hypertrophy, instead of treatment, appropriate treatments for other factors are required as OSA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
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  Data: <i>Copyright of International Journal of Special Education is the property of International Journal of Special Education and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 11
        StartPage: 880
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Adenoids
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Polysomnography
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Cytokines
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      – SubjectFull: Pediatrics
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      – SubjectFull: Sleep apnea syndromes
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      – SubjectFull: Radiology
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      – SubjectFull: Sleep disorders
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      – TitleFull: Correlation of Radiological and Polysomnographic Indicators of Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Children with Adenoid Hypertrophy.
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