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Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and virtual reality-based worry exposure therapy on cognitive avoidance and emotional capital in adolescents with social anxiety.

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Title: Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and virtual reality-based worry exposure therapy on cognitive avoidance and emotional capital in adolescents with social anxiety.
Authors: Choheili, Solmaz1 (AUTHOR), Marashian, Fatemeh Sadat1 (AUTHOR) fsmarashian@iau.ac.ir, Safarzadeh, Sahar1 (AUTHOR), Asgari, Parviz1 (AUTHOR)
Source: Preventing School Failure. 2026, Vol. 70 Issue 3, p216-224. 9p.
Subject Terms: *Teenagers, Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy, Exposure therapy, Social anxiety, Avoidance (Psychology)
Abstract: This quasi-experimental study investigated the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) and virtual reality-based worry exposure therapy (VR-WET) on cognitive avoidance and emotional capital in adolescents with social anxiety. In Ahvaz, Iran, 60 adolescents aged 12–18 years were randomly assigned to MBCT (n = 20), VR-WET (n = 20), or a no-treatment control group (n = 20). The intervention groups received eight weekly sessions. Data were collected using standardized questionnaires and analyzed with repeated measures ANOVA. Both interventions significantly reduced cognitive avoidance (ηp2 =.77) and increased emotional capital (ηp2 =.70) compared to the control group (p <.01), with effects maintained at three-month follow-up. No differences emerged between MBCT and VR-WET. Given the no-treatment control design, caution is warranted in interpreting causal mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Preventing School Failure is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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DbLabel: Education Research Complete
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PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
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  Label: Title
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  Data: Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and virtual reality-based worry exposure therapy on cognitive avoidance and emotional capital in adolescents with social anxiety.
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  Data: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Choheili%2C+Solmaz%22&quot;&gt;Choheili, Solmaz&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;1&lt;/relatesTo&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Marashian%2C+Fatemeh+Sadat%22&quot;&gt;Marashian, Fatemeh Sadat&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;1&lt;/relatesTo&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;i&gt; fsmarashian@iau.ac.ir&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Safarzadeh%2C+Sahar%22&quot;&gt;Safarzadeh, Sahar&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;1&lt;/relatesTo&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Asgari%2C+Parviz%22&quot;&gt;Asgari, Parviz&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;1&lt;/relatesTo&gt; (AUTHOR)
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  Data: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;JN&quot; term=&quot;%22Preventing+School+Failure%22&quot;&gt;Preventing School Failure&lt;/searchLink&gt;. 2026, Vol. 70 Issue 3, p216-224. 9p.
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  Data: *&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Teenagers%22&quot;&gt;Teenagers&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Mindfulness-based+cognitive+therapy%22&quot;&gt;Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Exposure+therapy%22&quot;&gt;Exposure therapy&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Social+anxiety%22&quot;&gt;Social anxiety&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Avoidance+%28Psychology%29%22&quot;&gt;Avoidance (Psychology)&lt;/searchLink&gt;
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: This quasi-experimental study investigated the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) and virtual reality-based worry exposure therapy (VR-WET) on cognitive avoidance and emotional capital in adolescents with social anxiety. In Ahvaz, Iran, 60 adolescents aged 12–18 years were randomly assigned to MBCT (n = 20), VR-WET (n = 20), or a no-treatment control group (n = 20). The intervention groups received eight weekly sessions. Data were collected using standardized questionnaires and analyzed with repeated measures ANOVA. Both interventions significantly reduced cognitive avoidance (ηp2 =.77) and increased emotional capital (ηp2 =.70) compared to the control group (p &lt;.01), with effects maintained at three-month follow-up. No differences emerged between MBCT and VR-WET. Given the no-treatment control design, caution is warranted in interpreting causal mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
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  Data: &lt;i&gt;Copyright of Preventing School Failure is the property of Taylor &amp; Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder&#39;s express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.&lt;/i&gt; (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1080/1045988X.2026.2681181
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
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        PageCount: 9
        StartPage: 216
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Teenagers
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Exposure therapy
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Social anxiety
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Avoidance (Psychology)
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and virtual reality-based worry exposure therapy on cognitive avoidance and emotional capital in adolescents with social anxiety.
        Type: main
  BibRelationships:
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      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Choheili, Solmaz
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Marashian, Fatemeh Sadat
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Safarzadeh, Sahar
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Asgari, Parviz
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          Dates:
            – D: 01
              M: 07
              Text: 2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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              Value: 70
            – Type: issue
              Value: 3
          Titles:
            – TitleFull: Preventing School Failure
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