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L2 Interaction in Service-Provider Virtual Exchanges.

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Title: L2 Interaction in Service-Provider Virtual Exchanges.
Authors: Simonsen, Russell1 (AUTHOR) Email: simonsrl@miamioh.edu, Strawbridge, Tripp2 (AUTHOR) tstrawbridge@scu.edu
Source: CALICO Journal. 2026, Vol. 43 Issue 2, p205-228. 24p.
Subject Terms: *Conversation analysis, *Native language, *Psychological feedback, *Colloquial language, *Online education, Negotiation
Abstract: Research in online language learning has stressed the importance of providing students with greater opportunities for L2 interaction. Commercial online conversation platforms that connect L2 learners with native speakers (NSs) (e.g., Boomalang, TalkAbroad) have become an increasingly popular resource to supplement classroom instruction, yet little is known about the nature of the interaction on these platforms. The present study examines the interaction in conversations between native-speaker language partners and 34 advanced L2 Spanish learners on the Boomalang commercial platform. Conversations were analyzed for total speaking time, number of turns, average turn length, number of words per turn, negotiation of meaning, and corrective feedback (recasts and explicit correction). Results reveal the conversations to be balanced, with students speaking roughly one-half of the time (4.83 minutes speaking per 10 minutes), and often in sustained discourse (average of 10.8 seconds per turn). However, results also reveal little negotiation of meaning and corrective feedback, often posited to promote language learning and frequently observed in both classroom communication and peer-to-peer virtual exchanges. These findings point to the need for further research on the nature of online conversations between paid NSs and L2 learners, which cannot be assumed to replicate interactional patterns observed in other settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of CALICO Journal is the property of University of Toronto Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: L2 Interaction in Service-Provider Virtual Exchanges.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Simonsen%2C+Russell%22">Simonsen, Russell</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> Email: simonsrl@miamioh.edu</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Strawbridge%2C+Tripp%22">Strawbridge, Tripp</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> tstrawbridge@scu.edu</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22CALICO+Journal%22">CALICO Journal</searchLink>. 2026, Vol. 43 Issue 2, p205-228. 24p.
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  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Conversation+analysis%22">Conversation analysis</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Native+language%22">Native language</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Psychological+feedback%22">Psychological feedback</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Colloquial+language%22">Colloquial language</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Online+education%22">Online education</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Negotiation%22">Negotiation</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Research in online language learning has stressed the importance of providing students with greater opportunities for L2 interaction. Commercial online conversation platforms that connect L2 learners with native speakers (NSs) (e.g., Boomalang, TalkAbroad) have become an increasingly popular resource to supplement classroom instruction, yet little is known about the nature of the interaction on these platforms. The present study examines the interaction in conversations between native-speaker language partners and 34 advanced L2 Spanish learners on the Boomalang commercial platform. Conversations were analyzed for total speaking time, number of turns, average turn length, number of words per turn, negotiation of meaning, and corrective feedback (recasts and explicit correction). Results reveal the conversations to be balanced, with students speaking roughly one-half of the time (4.83 minutes speaking per 10 minutes), and often in sustained discourse (average of 10.8 seconds per turn). However, results also reveal little negotiation of meaning and corrective feedback, often posited to promote language learning and frequently observed in both classroom communication and peer-to-peer virtual exchanges. These findings point to the need for further research on the nature of online conversations between paid NSs and L2 learners, which cannot be assumed to replicate interactional patterns observed in other settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of CALICO Journal is the property of University of Toronto Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.3138/calico-2025-0013
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 24
        StartPage: 205
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      – SubjectFull: Conversation analysis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Native language
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Psychological feedback
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Colloquial language
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Online education
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Negotiation
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      – TitleFull: L2 Interaction in Service-Provider Virtual Exchanges.
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              Text: 2026
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              Y: 2026
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