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Remote instruction during the COVID-19 pandemic and school suspensions.

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Title: Remote instruction during the COVID-19 pandemic and school suspensions.
Authors: Quast, Troy1 (AUTHOR) troyquast@usf.edu, Anthony, Teresa1 (AUTHOR), Kim, Eunsook2 (AUTHOR), Suldo, Shannon2 (AUTHOR), Rote, Wendy M.3 (AUTHOR), Barbre, Stephanie4 (AUTHOR), Storch, Eric A.5 (AUTHOR)
Source: Education Economics. Aug2026, Vol. 34 Issue 4, p550-570. 21p.
Subject Terms: *Student suspension, *Distance education, *Educational outcomes, *Educators, *COVID-19 pandemic, *Psychology of students, *High school students, *School year
Geographic Terms: Texas
Abstract: This paper analyzes individual-level data for nearly 900,000 public high school students in Texas to investigate the association between remote instruction in the 2020–2021 academic year with student suspensions in the following academic year. Both the predicted probability of and length of suspension first increase then decrease with the number of weeks of remote instruction. This pattern largely holds when the analyses are stratified by student grade, gender, race, and ethnicity. The estimates suggest a nuanced association between remote instruction and student behavioral outcomes that should be considered in future decisions regarding in-person instruction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Education Economics is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Education Research Complete
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DbLabel: Education Research Complete
An: 194999689
AccessLevel: 6
PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
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  Data: Remote instruction during the COVID-19 pandemic and school suspensions.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Quast%2C+Troy%22">Quast, Troy</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> troyquast@usf.edu</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Anthony%2C+Teresa%22">Anthony, Teresa</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kim%2C+Eunsook%22">Kim, Eunsook</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Suldo%2C+Shannon%22">Suldo, Shannon</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Rote%2C+Wendy+M%2E%22">Rote, Wendy M.</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Barbre%2C+Stephanie%22">Barbre, Stephanie</searchLink><relatesTo>4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Storch%2C+Eric+A%2E%22">Storch, Eric A.</searchLink><relatesTo>5</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Education+Economics%22">Education Economics</searchLink>. Aug2026, Vol. 34 Issue 4, p550-570. 21p.
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  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Student+suspension%22">Student suspension</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Distance+education%22">Distance education</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Educational+outcomes%22">Educational outcomes</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Educators%22">Educators</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22COVID-19+pandemic%22">COVID-19 pandemic</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Psychology+of+students%22">Psychology of students</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22High+school+students%22">High school students</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22School+year%22">School year</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Texas%22">Texas</searchLink>
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  Data: This paper analyzes individual-level data for nearly 900,000 public high school students in Texas to investigate the association between remote instruction in the 2020–2021 academic year with student suspensions in the following academic year. Both the predicted probability of and length of suspension first increase then decrease with the number of weeks of remote instruction. This pattern largely holds when the analyses are stratified by student grade, gender, race, and ethnicity. The estimates suggest a nuanced association between remote instruction and student behavioral outcomes that should be considered in future decisions regarding in-person instruction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Education Economics is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1080/09645292.2025.2556059
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 21
        StartPage: 550
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Student suspension
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Distance education
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Educational outcomes
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Educators
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: COVID-19 pandemic
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Psychology of students
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: High school students
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: School year
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Texas
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Remote instruction during the COVID-19 pandemic and school suspensions.
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              M: 08
              Text: Aug2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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