Are Cantonese (Yue) and Hokkien (Southern Min) contested languages? Language planning and language attitudes in China and Malaysia.

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Title: Are Cantonese (Yue) and Hokkien (Southern Min) contested languages? Language planning and language attitudes in China and Malaysia.
Authors: Coluzzi, Paolo1 (AUTHOR) pcoluzzi@yahoo.com, Du, Jinke1 (AUTHOR), Woo, Wai Sheng1 (AUTHOR)
Source: Journal of Multilingual & Multicultural Development. Jul2026, Vol. 47 Issue 5, p2659-2672. 14p.
Subject Terms: *Language planning, *Attitudes toward language, *Dialects, Cantonese dialects, Sociolinguistics, Malaysians, Chinese language
Geographic Terms: China, Malaysia
Abstract: Both among mainland China speakers and within the sizeable Chinese minority that lives in Malaysia, language varieties are categorised into two main groups: 'languages' on the one hand, and 'dialects' on the other. 'Languages' often enjoy at least some degree of official protection, have a written form, are used in some high domains, etc., whereas 'dialects' are supposed to be mostly oral languages spoken in low domains. Many of the varieties considered 'dialects' are however more accurately described as full-fledged languages that only share common origins with Mandarin, in the same way as Romance languages share common origins with Latin. Among these, Cantonese and Hokkien, the most widely spoken heritage languages in Malaysia, are notable examples. After an outline of the terminology employed to refer to Cantonese and Hokkien, this study examines the linguistic situation in China and Malaysia and the language planning activities carried out to maintain these two Chinese varieties. The methodology used to collect the data is then introduced, i.e. a sociolinguistic survey on the respondents' opinion on language planning strategies and on the use of the terms 'language' and 'dialect'. There follow a presentation of the data, a discussion of the results and some general conclusions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Multilingual & Multicultural Development is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Education Research Complete
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An: 195033713
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Items – Name: Title
  Label: Title
  Group: Ti
  Data: Are Cantonese (Yue) and Hokkien (Southern Min) contested languages? Language planning and language attitudes in China and Malaysia.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Coluzzi%2C+Paolo%22">Coluzzi, Paolo</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> pcoluzzi@yahoo.com</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Du%2C+Jinke%22">Du, Jinke</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Woo%2C+Wai+Sheng%22">Woo, Wai Sheng</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+Multilingual+%26+Multicultural+Development%22">Journal of Multilingual & Multicultural Development</searchLink>. Jul2026, Vol. 47 Issue 5, p2659-2672. 14p.
– Name: Subject
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  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Language+planning%22">Language planning</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Attitudes+toward+language%22">Attitudes toward language</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Dialects%22">Dialects</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cantonese+dialects%22">Cantonese dialects</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sociolinguistics%22">Sociolinguistics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Malaysians%22">Malaysians</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Chinese+language%22">Chinese language</searchLink>
– Name: SubjectGeographic
  Label: Geographic Terms
  Group: Su
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22China%22">China</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Malaysia%22">Malaysia</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Both among mainland China speakers and within the sizeable Chinese minority that lives in Malaysia, language varieties are categorised into two main groups: 'languages' on the one hand, and 'dialects' on the other. 'Languages' often enjoy at least some degree of official protection, have a written form, are used in some high domains, etc., whereas 'dialects' are supposed to be mostly oral languages spoken in low domains. Many of the varieties considered 'dialects' are however more accurately described as full-fledged languages that only share common origins with Mandarin, in the same way as Romance languages share common origins with Latin. Among these, Cantonese and Hokkien, the most widely spoken heritage languages in Malaysia, are notable examples. After an outline of the terminology employed to refer to Cantonese and Hokkien, this study examines the linguistic situation in China and Malaysia and the language planning activities carried out to maintain these two Chinese varieties. The methodology used to collect the data is then introduced, i.e. a sociolinguistic survey on the respondents' opinion on language planning strategies and on the use of the terms 'language' and 'dialect'. There follow a presentation of the data, a discussion of the results and some general conclusions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Multilingual & Multicultural Development is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1080/01434632.2023.2200401
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 14
        StartPage: 2659
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Language planning
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Attitudes toward language
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Dialects
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Cantonese dialects
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Sociolinguistics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Malaysians
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Chinese language
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: China
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Malaysia
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Are Cantonese (Yue) and Hokkien (Southern Min) contested languages? Language planning and language attitudes in China and Malaysia.
        Type: main
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          Name:
            NameFull: Coluzzi, Paolo
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          Name:
            NameFull: Du, Jinke
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Woo, Wai Sheng
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          Dates:
            – D: 01
              M: 07
              Text: Jul2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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              Value: 47
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            – TitleFull: Journal of Multilingual & Multicultural Development
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