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Bilingual Children's Grammatical Productivity From Spontaneous Language Samples in English and Spanish.

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Title: Bilingual Children's Grammatical Productivity From Spontaneous Language Samples in English and Spanish.
Authors: Escobedo, Alicia G.1,2 alicia.escobedo@csusb.edu, Gallagher, John F.1, Potapova, Irina1, Keating, Gregory D.1, Pham, Giang T.1, Pruitt-Lord, Sonja1
Source: Language, Speech & Hearing Services in Schools. Jul2026, Vol. 57 Issue 3, p827-844. 18p.
Subject Terms: *Multilingualism, *Speech evaluation, *Language acquisition, Pearson correlation (Statistics), Grammar, Research funding, Scientific observation, Descriptive statistics, Mann Whitney U Test, Pediatrics, Sound recordings, Spanish language, English language, Nonparametric statistics
Geographic Terms: California
Abstract: Purpose: Much work has been done to characterize the grammatical productivity of English-speaking monolingual children and the English skills of bilingual children. However, less work has been done to characterize productivity of bilingual children in other languages. This study investigates the clinical utility of a Spanish grammatical productivity measure to address the need for linguistically responsive measures in bilingual language assessment. Method: Spontaneous language samples were collected for 23 typically developing (TD) preschoolers and nine preschoolers with developmental language disorder (DLD). In Spanish, children's productive use of definite articles, indefinite articles, and direct object clitics was calculated to derive group averages. In English, children's productive use of tense and agreement morphemes was examined. Results: In Spanish and in English, TD children demonstrated higher productivity than children with DLD. Conclusion: In addition to English productivity, children's Spanish grammatical productivity is a promising clinical tool to be used in the assessment of Spanish'English bilingual children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Language, Speech & Hearing Services in Schools is the property of American Speech-Language-Hearing Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Education Research Complete
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DbLabel: Education Research Complete
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PubType: Academic Journal
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  Data: Bilingual Children's Grammatical Productivity From Spontaneous Language Samples in English and Spanish.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Escobedo%2C+Alicia+G%2E%22">Escobedo, Alicia G.</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo><i> alicia.escobedo@csusb.edu</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Gallagher%2C+John+F%2E%22">Gallagher, John F.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Potapova%2C+Irina%22">Potapova, Irina</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Keating%2C+Gregory+D%2E%22">Keating, Gregory D.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Pham%2C+Giang+T%2E%22">Pham, Giang T.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Pruitt-Lord%2C+Sonja%22">Pruitt-Lord, Sonja</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Language%2C+Speech+%26+Hearing+Services+in+Schools%22">Language, Speech & Hearing Services in Schools</searchLink>. Jul2026, Vol. 57 Issue 3, p827-844. 18p.
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  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Multilingualism%22">Multilingualism</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Speech+evaluation%22">Speech evaluation</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Language+acquisition%22">Language acquisition</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Pearson+correlation+%28Statistics%29%22">Pearson correlation (Statistics)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Grammar%22">Grammar</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Research+funding%22">Research funding</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Scientific+observation%22">Scientific observation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Descriptive+statistics%22">Descriptive statistics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mann+Whitney+U+Test%22">Mann Whitney U Test</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Pediatrics%22">Pediatrics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sound+recordings%22">Sound recordings</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Spanish+language%22">Spanish language</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22English+language%22">English language</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Nonparametric+statistics%22">Nonparametric statistics</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22California%22">California</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
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  Data: Purpose: Much work has been done to characterize the grammatical productivity of English-speaking monolingual children and the English skills of bilingual children. However, less work has been done to characterize productivity of bilingual children in other languages. This study investigates the clinical utility of a Spanish grammatical productivity measure to address the need for linguistically responsive measures in bilingual language assessment. Method: Spontaneous language samples were collected for 23 typically developing (TD) preschoolers and nine preschoolers with developmental language disorder (DLD). In Spanish, children's productive use of definite articles, indefinite articles, and direct object clitics was calculated to derive group averages. In English, children's productive use of tense and agreement morphemes was examined. Results: In Spanish and in English, TD children demonstrated higher productivity than children with DLD. Conclusion: In addition to English productivity, children's Spanish grammatical productivity is a promising clinical tool to be used in the assessment of Spanish'English bilingual children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Language, Speech & Hearing Services in Schools is the property of American Speech-Language-Hearing Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1044/2026_LSHSS-25-00121
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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      Pagination:
        PageCount: 18
        StartPage: 827
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Multilingualism
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Speech evaluation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Language acquisition
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Pearson correlation (Statistics)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Grammar
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Research funding
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      – SubjectFull: Scientific observation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Descriptive statistics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Mann Whitney U Test
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Pediatrics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Sound recordings
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Spanish language
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: English language
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Nonparametric statistics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: California
        Type: general
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      – TitleFull: Bilingual Children's Grammatical Productivity From Spontaneous Language Samples in English and Spanish.
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            – D: 01
              M: 07
              Text: Jul2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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