Language Comprehension Disorders and Depressive and Anxious Symptoms: A Longitudinal Study From School Entry to Grade 9.

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Title: Language Comprehension Disorders and Depressive and Anxious Symptoms: A Longitudinal Study From School Entry to Grade 9.
Authors: Kulakow, Stefan1 stefan.kulakow@uni-greifswald.de, Mahlau, Kathrin2
Source: Language, Speech & Hearing Services in Schools. Jul2026, Vol. 57 Issue 3, p856-868. 13p.
Subject Terms: *Elementary schools, *Phonological awareness, *Longitudinal method, *Child development, *School children, *School health services, Language disorders in children, T-test (Statistics), Questionnaires, Depression in children, Descriptive statistics, Psychological stress, Data analysis software, Anxiety in children, Regression analysis
Geographic Terms: Germany
Abstract: Purpose: Impairments in language development are among the most common developmental disorders in childhood. Because language skills are of great importance for many different areas of life, especially for learning and psychosocial development, findings on the association between language problems and the experience of psychological stress are necessary. This study therefore aims to investigate the extent to which children with language comprehension problems at the start of school differ from children without language problems in terms of their psychological stress at the end of their school years. In addition, the effects of behavioral problems at the start of school on the mental health of students with language problems will be examined. Method: Data of N = 488 primary school students in Germany are used to answer and evaluate these questions at three different measurement points: the start of school (T0), the end of the first school year (T1), and the end of the ninth grade (T2). It was possible to identify a subsample of n = 51 children who exhibited deficiencies in language comprehension at the first wave. Results: The results show that children with problems in language development reported more depressive symptoms, manifest anxiety, and test anxiety at the end of their school career. In addition, various externalizing behavioral problems (including hyperactivity and problems with peers) were also found to be predictive of psychological stress. Conclusion: This study highlights that students with impairments in language development are particularly vulnerable for maladaptive psychosocial development throughout primary and secondary education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Language, Speech & Hearing Services in Schools is the property of American Speech-Language-Hearing Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Education Research Complete
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  Label: Title
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  Data: Language Comprehension Disorders and Depressive and Anxious Symptoms: A Longitudinal Study From School Entry to Grade 9.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kulakow%2C+Stefan%22">Kulakow, Stefan</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><i> stefan.kulakow@uni-greifswald.de</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Mahlau%2C+Kathrin%22">Mahlau, Kathrin</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Language%2C+Speech+%26+Hearing+Services+in+Schools%22">Language, Speech & Hearing Services in Schools</searchLink>. Jul2026, Vol. 57 Issue 3, p856-868. 13p.
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  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Elementary+schools%22">Elementary schools</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Phonological+awareness%22">Phonological awareness</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Longitudinal+method%22">Longitudinal method</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Child+development%22">Child development</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22School+children%22">School children</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22School+health+services%22">School health services</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Language+disorders+in+children%22">Language disorders in children</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22T-test+%28Statistics%29%22">T-test (Statistics)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Questionnaires%22">Questionnaires</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Depression+in+children%22">Depression in children</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Descriptive+statistics%22">Descriptive statistics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Psychological+stress%22">Psychological stress</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Data+analysis+software%22">Data analysis software</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Anxiety+in+children%22">Anxiety in children</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Regression+analysis%22">Regression analysis</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Germany%22">Germany</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Purpose: Impairments in language development are among the most common developmental disorders in childhood. Because language skills are of great importance for many different areas of life, especially for learning and psychosocial development, findings on the association between language problems and the experience of psychological stress are necessary. This study therefore aims to investigate the extent to which children with language comprehension problems at the start of school differ from children without language problems in terms of their psychological stress at the end of their school years. In addition, the effects of behavioral problems at the start of school on the mental health of students with language problems will be examined. Method: Data of N = 488 primary school students in Germany are used to answer and evaluate these questions at three different measurement points: the start of school (T0), the end of the first school year (T1), and the end of the ninth grade (T2). It was possible to identify a subsample of n = 51 children who exhibited deficiencies in language comprehension at the first wave. Results: The results show that children with problems in language development reported more depressive symptoms, manifest anxiety, and test anxiety at the end of their school career. In addition, various externalizing behavioral problems (including hyperactivity and problems with peers) were also found to be predictive of psychological stress. Conclusion: This study highlights that students with impairments in language development are particularly vulnerable for maladaptive psychosocial development throughout primary and secondary education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Language, Speech & Hearing Services in Schools is the property of American Speech-Language-Hearing Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1044/2026_LSHSS-25-00146
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 13
        StartPage: 856
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Elementary schools
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Phonological awareness
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Longitudinal method
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Child development
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: School children
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: School health services
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Language disorders in children
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: T-test (Statistics)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Questionnaires
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Depression in children
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Descriptive statistics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Psychological stress
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Data analysis software
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Anxiety in children
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Regression analysis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Germany
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Language Comprehension Disorders and Depressive and Anxious Symptoms: A Longitudinal Study From School Entry to Grade 9.
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            NameFull: Kulakow, Stefan
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            NameFull: Mahlau, Kathrin
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          Dates:
            – D: 01
              M: 07
              Text: Jul2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
          Identifiers:
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              Value: 01611461
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              Value: 57
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              Value: 3
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            – TitleFull: Language, Speech & Hearing Services in Schools
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