Learning Outcomes in Taiwanese Legal General Education under English-Medium Instruction: A Mixed-Methods Structural Analysis of Language Proficiency, Language Anxiety, and Classroom Interaction.

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Title: Learning Outcomes in Taiwanese Legal General Education under English-Medium Instruction: A Mixed-Methods Structural Analysis of Language Proficiency, Language Anxiety, and Classroom Interaction.
Authors: Lyu, Jia-Ying1, Hsueh, An-Chi2
Source: Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies in Education. 2026, Vol. 15 Issue 3, p157-178. 22p.
Subject Terms: *Language ability, *Mixed methods research, *Higher education, *English language education, *Student engagement, *Multilingual education, *Legal education, Psychological factors
Geographic Terms: Taiwan
Abstract: Global EMI expansion has transformed higher education, but evidence for its impact in legal general education is scarce. In Taiwan, under the 2030 Bilingual Nation policy, this mixed-methods study surveyed 812 undergraduates at twelve universities and conducted interviews with classroom observations. Structural equation modeling showed that English proficiency enhances learning outcomes both directly and indirectly by reducing language anxiety. High levels of course interaction neutralize the negative effect of anxiety on outcomes in interactive settings. The model explains 55 percent of variance in learning outcomes and remains robust after controlling for gender, socioeconomic status, and region. Qualitative findings identify peer support and immediate instructor feedback as key buffering mechanisms. These results advance language-power and legal transplantation theories by demonstrating how pedagogical interaction mitigates linguistic inequality in legal EMI. Policy recommendations include qualityfocused accreditation, development of a legal English corpus, and regionally targeted resource allocation to enhance both equity and disciplinary precision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies in Education is the property of Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies in Education and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Education Research Complete
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  Data: Learning Outcomes in Taiwanese Legal General Education under English-Medium Instruction: A Mixed-Methods Structural Analysis of Language Proficiency, Language Anxiety, and Classroom Interaction.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+Interdisciplinary+Studies+in+Education%22">Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies in Education</searchLink>. 2026, Vol. 15 Issue 3, p157-178. 22p.
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  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Language+ability%22">Language ability</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mixed+methods+research%22">Mixed methods research</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Higher+education%22">Higher education</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22English+language+education%22">English language education</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Student+engagement%22">Student engagement</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Multilingual+education%22">Multilingual education</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Legal+education%22">Legal education</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Psychological+factors%22">Psychological factors</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Taiwan%22">Taiwan</searchLink>
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  Data: Global EMI expansion has transformed higher education, but evidence for its impact in legal general education is scarce. In Taiwan, under the 2030 Bilingual Nation policy, this mixed-methods study surveyed 812 undergraduates at twelve universities and conducted interviews with classroom observations. Structural equation modeling showed that English proficiency enhances learning outcomes both directly and indirectly by reducing language anxiety. High levels of course interaction neutralize the negative effect of anxiety on outcomes in interactive settings. The model explains 55 percent of variance in learning outcomes and remains robust after controlling for gender, socioeconomic status, and region. Qualitative findings identify peer support and immediate instructor feedback as key buffering mechanisms. These results advance language-power and legal transplantation theories by demonstrating how pedagogical interaction mitigates linguistic inequality in legal EMI. Policy recommendations include qualityfocused accreditation, development of a legal English corpus, and regionally targeted resource allocation to enhance both equity and disciplinary precision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies in Education is the property of Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies in Education and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.32674/dhjfxa60
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 22
        StartPage: 157
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Language ability
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Mixed methods research
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Higher education
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: English language education
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Student engagement
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Multilingual education
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Legal education
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Psychological factors
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Taiwan
        Type: general
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      – TitleFull: Learning Outcomes in Taiwanese Legal General Education under English-Medium Instruction: A Mixed-Methods Structural Analysis of Language Proficiency, Language Anxiety, and Classroom Interaction.
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            NameFull: Lyu, Jia-Ying
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            NameFull: Hsueh, An-Chi
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            – D: 01
              M: 05
              Text: 2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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