List Length in Verbal and Nonverbal Memory Performance in Mild Traumatic Brain Injury.
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| Title: | List Length in Verbal and Nonverbal Memory Performance in Mild Traumatic Brain Injury. |
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| Authors: | Ratiu, Ileana1 ileana.ratiu@asu.edu, LaCroix, Arianna N.2 |
| Source: | American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology. Jul2026, Vol. 35 Issue 4, p1587-1600. 14p. |
| Subject Terms: | *Data analysis, *Experimental design, *Short-term memory, Effect sizes (Statistics), Severity of illness index, Chi-squared test, Analysis of variance, Neuropsychological tests, Statistics, Brain injuries, Data analysis software |
| Abstract: | Purpose: Memory abilities are often affected following mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), yet findings across studies remain mixed. This study examined short-term memory (STM) and working memory (WM) performance in individuals with mTBI and matched neurotypical controls using finer grained analyses to explore variability in performance. Method: Thirty-six individuals with mTBI and 36 matched neurotypical controls completed verbal and nonverbal STM and WM tasks, with performance across list lengths assessed using analysis of variance. To examine individual variability across the full sample, hierarchical cluster analysis was conducted to identify distinct performance-based profiles and evaluate how mTBI and control participants were distributed across clusters. Results: As expected, memory performance declined with increased list length across both groups and all tasks. While no significant group differences were found for STM tasks, analyses revealed lower performance among participants with mTBI on more complex WM tasks, particularly in nonverbal modalities. The hierarchical cluster analysis revealed clusters that differed in WM performance but not diagnostic group composition, indicating that variability in memory performance occurred along a continuum across participants rather than strictly by diag nosis. Conclusion: These findings highlight the heterogeneity of memory outcomes following mTBI and underscore the importance of tailored cognitive assessments that consider task complexity and memory load. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Copyright of American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology is the property of American Speech-Language-Hearing Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) | |
| Database: | Education Research Complete |
| FullText | Links: – Type: pdflink Text: Availability: 0 |
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| Header | DbId: ehh DbLabel: Education Research Complete An: 195279690 AccessLevel: 6 PubType: Academic Journal PubTypeId: academicJournal PreciseRelevancyScore: 0 |
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| Items | – Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: List Length in Verbal and Nonverbal Memory Performance in Mild Traumatic Brain Injury. – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ratiu%2C+Ileana%22">Ratiu, Ileana</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><i> ileana.ratiu@asu.edu</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22LaCroix%2C+Arianna+N%2E%22">LaCroix, Arianna N.</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> – Name: TitleSource Label: Source Group: Src Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22American+Journal+of+Speech-Language+Pathology%22">American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology</searchLink>. Jul2026, Vol. 35 Issue 4, p1587-1600. 14p. – Name: Subject Label: Subject Terms Group: Su Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Data+analysis%22">Data analysis</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Experimental+design%22">Experimental design</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Short-term+memory%22">Short-term memory</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Effect+sizes+%28Statistics%29%22">Effect sizes (Statistics)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Severity+of+illness+index%22">Severity of illness index</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Chi-squared+test%22">Chi-squared test</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Analysis+of+variance%22">Analysis of variance</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Neuropsychological+tests%22">Neuropsychological tests</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Statistics%22">Statistics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Brain+injuries%22">Brain injuries</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Data+analysis+software%22">Data analysis software</searchLink> – Name: Abstract Label: Abstract Group: Ab Data: Purpose: Memory abilities are often affected following mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), yet findings across studies remain mixed. This study examined short-term memory (STM) and working memory (WM) performance in individuals with mTBI and matched neurotypical controls using finer grained analyses to explore variability in performance. Method: Thirty-six individuals with mTBI and 36 matched neurotypical controls completed verbal and nonverbal STM and WM tasks, with performance across list lengths assessed using analysis of variance. To examine individual variability across the full sample, hierarchical cluster analysis was conducted to identify distinct performance-based profiles and evaluate how mTBI and control participants were distributed across clusters. Results: As expected, memory performance declined with increased list length across both groups and all tasks. While no significant group differences were found for STM tasks, analyses revealed lower performance among participants with mTBI on more complex WM tasks, particularly in nonverbal modalities. The hierarchical cluster analysis revealed clusters that differed in WM performance but not diagnostic group composition, indicating that variability in memory performance occurred along a continuum across participants rather than strictly by diag nosis. Conclusion: These findings highlight the heterogeneity of memory outcomes following mTBI and underscore the importance of tailored cognitive assessments that consider task complexity and memory load. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] – Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright Label: Group: Ab Data: <i>Copyright of American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology is the property of American Speech-Language-Hearing Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) |
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| RecordInfo | BibRecord: BibEntity: Identifiers: – Type: doi Value: 10.1044/2026_AJSLP-25-00257 Languages: – Code: eng Text: English PhysicalDescription: Pagination: PageCount: 14 StartPage: 1587 Subjects: – SubjectFull: Data analysis Type: general – SubjectFull: Experimental design Type: general – SubjectFull: Short-term memory Type: general – SubjectFull: Effect sizes (Statistics) Type: general – SubjectFull: Severity of illness index Type: general – SubjectFull: Chi-squared test Type: general – SubjectFull: Analysis of variance Type: general – SubjectFull: Neuropsychological tests Type: general – SubjectFull: Statistics Type: general – SubjectFull: Brain injuries Type: general – SubjectFull: Data analysis software Type: general Titles: – TitleFull: List Length in Verbal and Nonverbal Memory Performance in Mild Traumatic Brain Injury. Type: main BibRelationships: HasContributorRelationships: – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Ratiu, Ileana – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: LaCroix, Arianna N. IsPartOfRelationships: – BibEntity: Dates: – D: 01 M: 07 Text: Jul2026 Type: published Y: 2026 Identifiers: – Type: issn-print Value: 10580360 Numbering: – Type: volume Value: 35 – Type: issue Value: 4 Titles: – TitleFull: American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology Type: main |
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