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Exposure Matters: Effects of Current Language Exposure on Item-Level Measurement of Spanish and English Morphosyntax.

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Title: Exposure Matters: Effects of Current Language Exposure on Item-Level Measurement of Spanish and English Morphosyntax.
Authors: Choi-Tucci, Alexander1 achoituc@uci.edu, Lam, Joseph Hin Yan1, Perez, Cecilia del Carmen2, Leachman, Molly3, Bedore, Lisa M.4, Peña, Elizabeth D.1
Source: Journal of Speech, Language & Hearing Research. Jul2026, Vol. 69 Issue 7, p3179-3198. 20p.
Subject Terms: *Language & languages, *Data analysis, *Multilingualism, *Comparative studies, *Children, Statistical models, Word deafness, Grammar, Secondary analysis, Logistic regression analysis, Questionnaires, Descriptive statistics, Chi-squared test, Linguistics, Statistics, Data analysis software, Sensitivity & specificity (Statistics)
Geographic Terms: United States
Abstract: Background: Bilingual children experience varying levels of exposure to their languages as they develop their linguistic knowledge. Therefore, test developers must account for exposure during construction of language assessments to avoid mismeasurement. The current study aims to examine how language exposure affects item parameterization in bilingual morphosyntax tasks. Method: Using English data from 484 bilingual children and Spanish data from 403 bilingual children aged 7 to 11 years, we conducted item response theory (IRT) analyses to examine the relative effects of exposure on item parameterization. Whole-sample Rasch and multiple-group two-parameter logistic models were used to explore these effects. Results: IRT results suggested differential patterns of item parameterization, namely, difficulty and discrimination, for groups with varied levels of English exposure. Conclusion: These results highlight the need for thorough and nuanced analysis of item parameters and influences on test performance during the development of language assessments intended for use with bilingual populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Speech, Language & Hearing Research is the property of American Speech-Language-Hearing Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Education Research Complete
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  Data: Exposure Matters: Effects of Current Language Exposure on Item-Level Measurement of Spanish and English Morphosyntax.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+Speech%2C+Language+%26+Hearing+Research%22">Journal of Speech, Language & Hearing Research</searchLink>. Jul2026, Vol. 69 Issue 7, p3179-3198. 20p.
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  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Language+%26+languages%22">Language & languages</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Data+analysis%22">Data analysis</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Multilingualism%22">Multilingualism</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Comparative+studies%22">Comparative studies</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Children%22">Children</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Statistical+models%22">Statistical models</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Word+deafness%22">Word deafness</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Grammar%22">Grammar</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Secondary+analysis%22">Secondary analysis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Logistic+regression+analysis%22">Logistic regression analysis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Questionnaires%22">Questionnaires</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Descriptive+statistics%22">Descriptive statistics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Chi-squared+test%22">Chi-squared test</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Linguistics%22">Linguistics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Statistics%22">Statistics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Data+analysis+software%22">Data analysis software</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sensitivity+%26+specificity+%28Statistics%29%22">Sensitivity & specificity (Statistics)</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22United+States%22">United States</searchLink>
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  Data: Background: Bilingual children experience varying levels of exposure to their languages as they develop their linguistic knowledge. Therefore, test developers must account for exposure during construction of language assessments to avoid mismeasurement. The current study aims to examine how language exposure affects item parameterization in bilingual morphosyntax tasks. Method: Using English data from 484 bilingual children and Spanish data from 403 bilingual children aged 7 to 11 years, we conducted item response theory (IRT) analyses to examine the relative effects of exposure on item parameterization. Whole-sample Rasch and multiple-group two-parameter logistic models were used to explore these effects. Results: IRT results suggested differential patterns of item parameterization, namely, difficulty and discrimination, for groups with varied levels of English exposure. Conclusion: These results highlight the need for thorough and nuanced analysis of item parameters and influences on test performance during the development of language assessments intended for use with bilingual populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Speech, Language & Hearing Research is the property of American Speech-Language-Hearing Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=ehh&AN=195295671
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        Value: 10.1044/2026_JSLHR-25-00776
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 20
        StartPage: 3179
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      – SubjectFull: Language & languages
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Data analysis
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      – SubjectFull: Multilingualism
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      – SubjectFull: Word deafness
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      – SubjectFull: United States
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      – TitleFull: Exposure Matters: Effects of Current Language Exposure on Item-Level Measurement of Spanish and English Morphosyntax.
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              Text: Jul2026
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