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Predicting Speech Sound Production and Phonological Awareness Outcomes in Late-Talking and Typically Developing Preschool Children Using Early Phonological Pattern Use.

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Title: Predicting Speech Sound Production and Phonological Awareness Outcomes in Late-Talking and Typically Developing Preschool Children Using Early Phonological Pattern Use.
Authors: Macrae, Toby1,2,3 toby.macrae@canterbury.ac.nz, Ahmat, Hamimah2, Newbury, Jayne1,2,3, Chen, Jiajie1,2, Frengley, Michaela1,2, Strevens, Laura1,2, Tyson, Kate1,2, Black, Joshua Wilson1
Source: Journal of Speech, Language & Hearing Research. Jul2026, Vol. 69 Issue 7, p3327-3340. 14p.
Subject Terms: *Phonological awareness, *Verbal behavior testing, *Longitudinal method, *Speech evaluation, *Comparative studies, *Language acquisition, *Articulation (Speech), Language disorders in children, T-test (Statistics), Research funding, Descriptive statistics, Phonetics, Regression analysis
Abstract: Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare late talkers to their typically developing peers in speech sound production and phonological awareness (PA) outcomes and to investigate whether phonological pattern use predicted these outcomes. Method: The participants were 104 children (34 late talkers and 70 typically developing children) aged 2;0–2;7 (years; months) at the outset of the study. The use of atypical and omission phonological patterns at ages 3;6–4;4 was calculated from consonant mismatches in single words. Speech sound production and PA outcomes were assessed at ages 4;11–5;8. Results: t tests revealed that the typically developing children had significantly better speech sound production and PA outcomes than did the late talkers. Linear regression models revealed that omission patterns per consonant mismatch, but not atypical patterns per consonant mismatch, were a significant predictor of both speech sound production and PA outcomes. Once phonological pattern use was accounted for, group was not a significant predictor of either outcome. Conclusions: Late talkers had poorer speech sound production and PA outcomes than did typically developing children, although only speech sound production might be indicative of clinical concern in late talkers. Omission patterns per consonant mismatch, but not atypical patterns per consonant mismatch, predicted speech sound production and PA outcomes in the entire study sample. Speech-language pathologists should consider prioritizing for services or monitoring preschool-age children who show frequent use of omission patterns, including late talkers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Speech, Language & Hearing Research is the property of American Speech-Language-Hearing Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Education Research Complete
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  Data: Predicting Speech Sound Production and Phonological Awareness Outcomes in Late-Talking and Typically Developing Preschool Children Using Early Phonological Pattern Use.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Macrae%2C+Toby%22">Macrae, Toby</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2,3</relatesTo><i> toby.macrae@canterbury.ac.nz</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ahmat%2C+Hamimah%22">Ahmat, Hamimah</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Newbury%2C+Jayne%22">Newbury, Jayne</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2,3</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Chen%2C+Jiajie%22">Chen, Jiajie</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Frengley%2C+Michaela%22">Frengley, Michaela</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Strevens%2C+Laura%22">Strevens, Laura</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Tyson%2C+Kate%22">Tyson, Kate</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Black%2C+Joshua+Wilson%22">Black, Joshua Wilson</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+Speech%2C+Language+%26+Hearing+Research%22">Journal of Speech, Language & Hearing Research</searchLink>. Jul2026, Vol. 69 Issue 7, p3327-3340. 14p.
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  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Phonological+awareness%22">Phonological awareness</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Verbal+behavior+testing%22">Verbal behavior testing</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Longitudinal+method%22">Longitudinal method</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Speech+evaluation%22">Speech evaluation</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Comparative+studies%22">Comparative studies</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Language+acquisition%22">Language acquisition</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Articulation+%28Speech%29%22">Articulation (Speech)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Language+disorders+in+children%22">Language disorders in children</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22T-test+%28Statistics%29%22">T-test (Statistics)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Research+funding%22">Research funding</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Descriptive+statistics%22">Descriptive statistics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Phonetics%22">Phonetics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Regression+analysis%22">Regression analysis</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare late talkers to their typically developing peers in speech sound production and phonological awareness (PA) outcomes and to investigate whether phonological pattern use predicted these outcomes. Method: The participants were 104 children (34 late talkers and 70 typically developing children) aged 2;0–2;7 (years; months) at the outset of the study. The use of atypical and omission phonological patterns at ages 3;6–4;4 was calculated from consonant mismatches in single words. Speech sound production and PA outcomes were assessed at ages 4;11–5;8. Results: t tests revealed that the typically developing children had significantly better speech sound production and PA outcomes than did the late talkers. Linear regression models revealed that omission patterns per consonant mismatch, but not atypical patterns per consonant mismatch, were a significant predictor of both speech sound production and PA outcomes. Once phonological pattern use was accounted for, group was not a significant predictor of either outcome. Conclusions: Late talkers had poorer speech sound production and PA outcomes than did typically developing children, although only speech sound production might be indicative of clinical concern in late talkers. Omission patterns per consonant mismatch, but not atypical patterns per consonant mismatch, predicted speech sound production and PA outcomes in the entire study sample. Speech-language pathologists should consider prioritizing for services or monitoring preschool-age children who show frequent use of omission patterns, including late talkers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Speech, Language & Hearing Research is the property of American Speech-Language-Hearing Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=ehh&AN=195295679
RecordInfo BibRecord:
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1044/2026_JSLHR-25-00805
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 14
        StartPage: 3327
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Phonological awareness
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Verbal behavior testing
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Longitudinal method
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Speech evaluation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Comparative studies
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Language acquisition
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Articulation (Speech)
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      – SubjectFull: Language disorders in children
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      – SubjectFull: T-test (Statistics)
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      – SubjectFull: Research funding
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      – SubjectFull: Descriptive statistics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Phonetics
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      – SubjectFull: Regression analysis
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      – TitleFull: Predicting Speech Sound Production and Phonological Awareness Outcomes in Late-Talking and Typically Developing Preschool Children Using Early Phonological Pattern Use.
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              Text: Jul2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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