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Role of Visual Speech in Phonological Processing by Children With Hearing Loss.

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Title: Role of Visual Speech in Phonological Processing by Children With Hearing Loss.
Authors: Jerger, Susan1,2, Tye-Murray, Nancy3, Abdi, Hervé4
Source: Journal of Speech, Language & Hearing Research. Apr2009, Vol. 52 Issue 2, p412-434. 23p. 1 Diagram, 4 Charts, 5 Graphs.
Subject Terms: *Deaf children, *Phonological encoding, *Lipreading, *Articulation (Speech), Language, Human information processing in children, Speech perception testing
Abstract: Purpose: This research assessed the influence of visual speech on phonological processing by children with hearing loss (HL). Method: Children with HL and children with normal hearing (NH) named pictures while attempting to ignore auditory or audiovisual speech distractors whose onsets relative to the pictures were either congruent, conflicting in place of articulation, or conflicting in voicing--for example, the picture "pizza" coupled with the distractors "peach," "teacher," or "beast," respectively. Speed of picture naming was measured. Results: The conflicting conditions slowed naming, and phonological processing by children with HL displayed the age-related shift in sensitivity to visual speech seen in children with NH, although with developmental delay. Younger children with HL exhibited a disproportionately large influence of visual speech and a negligible influence of auditory speech, whereas older children with HL showed a robust influence of auditory speech with no benefit to performance from adding visual speech. The congruent conditions did not speed naming in children with HL, nor did the addition of visual speech influence performance. Unexpectedly, the / ^/-vowel congruent distractors slowed naming in children with HL and decreased articulatory proficiency. Conclusions: Results for the conflicting conditions are consistent with the hypothesis that speech representations in children with HL (a) are initially disproportionally structured in terms of visual speech and (b) become better specified with age in terms of auditorily encoded information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Speech, Language & Hearing Research is the property of American Speech-Language-Hearing Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Education Research Complete
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  Data: Role of Visual Speech in Phonological Processing by Children With Hearing Loss.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+Speech%2C+Language+%26+Hearing+Research%22">Journal of Speech, Language & Hearing Research</searchLink>. Apr2009, Vol. 52 Issue 2, p412-434. 23p. 1 Diagram, 4 Charts, 5 Graphs.
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  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Deaf+children%22">Deaf children</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Phonological+encoding%22">Phonological encoding</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Lipreading%22">Lipreading</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Articulation+%28Speech%29%22">Articulation (Speech)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Language%22">Language</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Human+information+processing+in+children%22">Human information processing in children</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Speech+perception+testing%22">Speech perception testing</searchLink>
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  Data: Purpose: This research assessed the influence of visual speech on phonological processing by children with hearing loss (HL). Method: Children with HL and children with normal hearing (NH) named pictures while attempting to ignore auditory or audiovisual speech distractors whose onsets relative to the pictures were either congruent, conflicting in place of articulation, or conflicting in voicing--for example, the picture "pizza" coupled with the distractors "peach," "teacher," or "beast," respectively. Speed of picture naming was measured. Results: The conflicting conditions slowed naming, and phonological processing by children with HL displayed the age-related shift in sensitivity to visual speech seen in children with NH, although with developmental delay. Younger children with HL exhibited a disproportionately large influence of visual speech and a negligible influence of auditory speech, whereas older children with HL showed a robust influence of auditory speech with no benefit to performance from adding visual speech. The congruent conditions did not speed naming in children with HL, nor did the addition of visual speech influence performance. Unexpectedly, the / ^/-vowel congruent distractors slowed naming in children with HL and decreased articulatory proficiency. Conclusions: Results for the conflicting conditions are consistent with the hypothesis that speech representations in children with HL (a) are initially disproportionally structured in terms of visual speech and (b) become better specified with age in terms of auditorily encoded information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Speech, Language & Hearing Research is the property of American Speech-Language-Hearing Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1044/1092-4388(2009/08-0021)
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              Text: Apr2009
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