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Influences of Social and Style Variables on Adult Usage of African American English Features.

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Title: Influences of Social and Style Variables on Adult Usage of African American English Features.
Authors: Craig, Holly K.1 hkc@umich.edu, Grogger, Jeffrey T.2, Oetting, Janna, Loeb, Diane
Source: Journal of Speech, Language & Hearing Research. Oct2012, Vol. 55 Issue 5, p1274-1288. 15p. 4 Charts, 1 Graph.
Subject Terms: *Black people, *Employment, *Comparative grammar, *Speech evaluation, *Educational attainment, Analysis of variance, Interviewing, Race, Research funding, Sound recordings, T-test (Statistics), Socioeconomic factors, Repeated measures design, Medical coding, Descriptive statistics
Geographic Terms: United States
Abstract: Purpose: In this study, the authors examined the influences of selected social (gender, employment status, educational achievement level) and style variables (race of examiner, interview topic) on the production of African American English (AAE) by adults. Method: Participants were 50 African American men and women, ages 20-30 years. The authors used Rapid and Anonymous Survey (RAS) methods to collect responses to questions on informal situational and formal message-oriented topics in a short interview with an unacquainted interlocutor. Results: Results revealed strong systematic effects for academic achievement, but not gender or employment status. Most features were used less frequently by participants with higher educational levels, but sharp declines in the usage of 5 specific features distinguished the participants differing in educational achievement. Strong systematic style effects were found for the 2 types of questions, but not race of addressee. The features that were most commonly used across participants--copula absence, variable subject-verb agreement, and appositive pronouns--were also the features that showed the greatest style shifting. Conclusions: The findings lay a foundation with mature speakers for rate-based and feature inventory methods recently shown to be informative for the study of child AAE and demonstrate the benefits of the RAS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Speech, Language & Hearing Research is the property of American Speech-Language-Hearing Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Education Research Complete
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  Data: Influences of Social and Style Variables on Adult Usage of African American English Features.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Craig%2C+Holly+K%2E%22">Craig, Holly K.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><i> hkc@umich.edu</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Grogger%2C+Jeffrey+T%2E%22">Grogger, Jeffrey T.</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Oetting%2C+Janna%22">Oetting, Janna</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Loeb%2C+Diane%22">Loeb, Diane</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+Speech%2C+Language+%26+Hearing+Research%22">Journal of Speech, Language & Hearing Research</searchLink>. Oct2012, Vol. 55 Issue 5, p1274-1288. 15p. 4 Charts, 1 Graph.
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  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Black+people%22">Black people</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Employment%22">Employment</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Comparative+grammar%22">Comparative grammar</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Speech+evaluation%22">Speech evaluation</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Educational+attainment%22">Educational attainment</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Analysis+of+variance%22">Analysis of variance</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Interviewing%22">Interviewing</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Race%22">Race</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Research+funding%22">Research funding</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sound+recordings%22">Sound recordings</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22T-test+%28Statistics%29%22">T-test (Statistics)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Socioeconomic+factors%22">Socioeconomic factors</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Repeated+measures+design%22">Repeated measures design</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Medical+coding%22">Medical coding</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Descriptive+statistics%22">Descriptive statistics</searchLink>
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  Label: Abstract
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  Data: Purpose: In this study, the authors examined the influences of selected social (gender, employment status, educational achievement level) and style variables (race of examiner, interview topic) on the production of African American English (AAE) by adults. Method: Participants were 50 African American men and women, ages 20-30 years. The authors used Rapid and Anonymous Survey (RAS) methods to collect responses to questions on informal situational and formal message-oriented topics in a short interview with an unacquainted interlocutor. Results: Results revealed strong systematic effects for academic achievement, but not gender or employment status. Most features were used less frequently by participants with higher educational levels, but sharp declines in the usage of 5 specific features distinguished the participants differing in educational achievement. Strong systematic style effects were found for the 2 types of questions, but not race of addressee. The features that were most commonly used across participants--copula absence, variable subject-verb agreement, and appositive pronouns--were also the features that showed the greatest style shifting. Conclusions: The findings lay a foundation with mature speakers for rate-based and feature inventory methods recently shown to be informative for the study of child AAE and demonstrate the benefits of the RAS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Speech, Language & Hearing Research is the property of American Speech-Language-Hearing Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1044/1092-4388(2012/11-0055)
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 15
        StartPage: 1274
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Black people
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Employment
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Comparative grammar
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Speech evaluation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Educational attainment
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Analysis of variance
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Interviewing
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      – SubjectFull: Race
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Research funding
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      – SubjectFull: Sound recordings
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      – SubjectFull: T-test (Statistics)
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      – SubjectFull: Socioeconomic factors
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      – SubjectFull: Repeated measures design
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      – SubjectFull: Medical coding
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      – SubjectFull: Descriptive statistics
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      – SubjectFull: United States
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      – TitleFull: Influences of Social and Style Variables on Adult Usage of African American English Features.
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            NameFull: Craig, Holly K.
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            NameFull: Grogger, Jeffrey T.
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            NameFull: Oetting, Janna
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              M: 10
              Text: Oct2012
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              Y: 2012
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