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Line Spread as a Visual Clinical Tool for Thickened Liquids.

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Title: Line Spread as a Visual Clinical Tool for Thickened Liquids.
Authors: Lund, Annelise Masters1, Garcia, Jane Mertz1 jgarcia@ksu.edu, Chambers IV, Edgar1
Source: American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology. Aug2013, Vol. 22 Issue 3, p566-571. 6p. 1 Diagram, 3 Charts.
Subject Terms: *Statistical correlation, Chewing gum, Chi-squared test, Deglutition disorders, Elemental diet, Glucans, Research funding, T-test (Statistics), Viscosity, Data analysis software, Descriptive statistics, Therapeutics
Abstract: Purpose: Preparing modified liquids to a target level of consistency is critical to patients' nutritional care. This study examined the relationship of line spread (i.e., the distance a liquid flows) to viscometer measurements for a variety of product/liquid combinations and determined if flow distance visually differentiated nectar-thick versus honey-like consistency. Method: Combinations of 4 thickening products (3 starch-based and 1 gum-based thickener) prepared with 6 serving temperature liquids that had various levels of fat, fiber, and added nutrients were tested. A total of 32 product/liquid combinations tested within the target range of 80-800 centipoise (cP). Measurements were recorded using line spread and a Brookfield RVDV-II+ viscometer. Results: Nectar-thick and honey-like consistencies significantly differed in their degree of line spread. Using our line spread apparatus, a value of 4.5 cm differentiated between nectar-thick and honey-like consistencies. There was an inverse correlation (-.75) between viscometer data and line spread results. That is, high viscosity values represented samples with less flow distance (line spread), and low viscosity values represented samples with more flow distance. Conclusion: Line spread appears to be a quick, objective, and visual method that might be used to help patients and their caregivers achieve more accurate and consistent thickened liquid preparation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology is the property of American Speech-Language-Hearing Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Education Research Complete
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  Data: Line Spread as a Visual Clinical Tool for Thickened Liquids.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Lund%2C+Annelise+Masters%22">Lund, Annelise Masters</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Garcia%2C+Jane+Mertz%22">Garcia, Jane Mertz</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><i> jgarcia@ksu.edu</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Chambers+IV%2C+Edgar%22">Chambers IV, Edgar</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22American+Journal+of+Speech-Language+Pathology%22">American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology</searchLink>. Aug2013, Vol. 22 Issue 3, p566-571. 6p. 1 Diagram, 3 Charts.
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  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Statistical+correlation%22">Statistical correlation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Chewing+gum%22">Chewing gum</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Chi-squared+test%22">Chi-squared test</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Deglutition+disorders%22">Deglutition disorders</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Elemental+diet%22">Elemental diet</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Glucans%22">Glucans</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Research+funding%22">Research funding</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22T-test+%28Statistics%29%22">T-test (Statistics)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Viscosity%22">Viscosity</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Data+analysis+software%22">Data analysis software</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Descriptive+statistics%22">Descriptive statistics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Therapeutics%22">Therapeutics</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
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  Data: Purpose: Preparing modified liquids to a target level of consistency is critical to patients' nutritional care. This study examined the relationship of line spread (i.e., the distance a liquid flows) to viscometer measurements for a variety of product/liquid combinations and determined if flow distance visually differentiated nectar-thick versus honey-like consistency. Method: Combinations of 4 thickening products (3 starch-based and 1 gum-based thickener) prepared with 6 serving temperature liquids that had various levels of fat, fiber, and added nutrients were tested. A total of 32 product/liquid combinations tested within the target range of 80-800 centipoise (cP). Measurements were recorded using line spread and a Brookfield RVDV-II+ viscometer. Results: Nectar-thick and honey-like consistencies significantly differed in their degree of line spread. Using our line spread apparatus, a value of 4.5 cm differentiated between nectar-thick and honey-like consistencies. There was an inverse correlation (-.75) between viscometer data and line spread results. That is, high viscosity values represented samples with less flow distance (line spread), and low viscosity values represented samples with more flow distance. Conclusion: Line spread appears to be a quick, objective, and visual method that might be used to help patients and their caregivers achieve more accurate and consistent thickened liquid preparation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
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  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology is the property of American Speech-Language-Hearing Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1044/1058-0360(2013/12-0044)
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        Text: English
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      – SubjectFull: Statistical correlation
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      – SubjectFull: Chewing gum
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Chi-squared test
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Deglutition disorders
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      – SubjectFull: Elemental diet
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      – SubjectFull: Glucans
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      – SubjectFull: Research funding
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: T-test (Statistics)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Viscosity
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Data analysis software
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      – SubjectFull: Descriptive statistics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Therapeutics
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    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Line Spread as a Visual Clinical Tool for Thickened Liquids.
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            NameFull: Lund, Annelise Masters
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            NameFull: Garcia, Jane Mertz
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              Text: Aug2013
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