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Seeing the initial articulatory gestures of a word triggers lexical access.

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Title: Seeing the initial articulatory gestures of a word triggers lexical access.
Authors: Fort, Mathilde1, Kandel, Sonia1,2,3, Chipot, Justine1, Savariaux, Christophe3, Granjon, Lionel3, Spinelli, Elsa1,2,4
Source: Language & Cognitive Processes. Oct2013, Vol. 28 Issue 8, p1207-1223. 17p.
Subject Terms: *Decision making, *Experimental design, *Speech perception, *Intelligibility of speech, *Phonological awareness, Analysis of variance, Facial expression, Phonetics, Reaction time, Repeated measures design
Abstract: When the auditory information is deteriorated by noise in a conversation, watching the face of a speaker enhances speech intelligibility. Recent findings indicate that decoding the facial movements of a speaker accelerates word recognition. The objective of this study was to provide evidence that the mere presentation of the first two phonemes—that is, the articulatory gestures of the initial syllable—is enough visual information to activate a lexical unit and initiate the lexical access process. We used a priming paradigm combined with a lexical decision task. The primes were syllables that either shared the initial syllable with an auditory target or not. In Experiment 1, the primes were displayed in audiovisual, auditory-only or visual-only conditions. There was a priming effect in all conditions. Experiment 2 investigated the locus (prelexical vs. lexical or postlexical) of the facilitation effect observed in the visual-only condition by manipulating the target's word frequency. The facilitation produced by the visual prime was significant for low-frequency words but not for high-frequency words, indicating that the locus of the effect is not prelexical. This suggests that visual speech mostly contributes to the word recognition process when lexical access is difficult. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
Copyright of Language & Cognitive Processes is the property of Psychology Press (UK) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Education Research Complete
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DbLabel: Education Research Complete
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  Data: Seeing the initial articulatory gestures of a word triggers lexical access.
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  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Decision+making%22">Decision making</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Experimental+design%22">Experimental design</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Speech+perception%22">Speech perception</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Intelligibility+of+speech%22">Intelligibility of speech</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Phonological+awareness%22">Phonological awareness</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Analysis+of+variance%22">Analysis of variance</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Facial+expression%22">Facial expression</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Phonetics%22">Phonetics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Reaction+time%22">Reaction time</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Repeated+measures+design%22">Repeated measures design</searchLink>
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  Data: When the auditory information is deteriorated by noise in a conversation, watching the face of a speaker enhances speech intelligibility. Recent findings indicate that decoding the facial movements of a speaker accelerates word recognition. The objective of this study was to provide evidence that the mere presentation of the first two phonemes—that is, the articulatory gestures of the initial syllable—is enough visual information to activate a lexical unit and initiate the lexical access process. We used a priming paradigm combined with a lexical decision task. The primes were syllables that either shared the initial syllable with an auditory target or not. In Experiment 1, the primes were displayed in audiovisual, auditory-only or visual-only conditions. There was a priming effect in all conditions. Experiment 2 investigated the locus (prelexical vs. lexical or postlexical) of the facilitation effect observed in the visual-only condition by manipulating the target's word frequency. The facilitation produced by the visual prime was significant for low-frequency words but not for high-frequency words, indicating that the locus of the effect is not prelexical. This suggests that visual speech mostly contributes to the word recognition process when lexical access is difficult. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Language & Cognitive Processes is the property of Psychology Press (UK) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1080/01690965.2012.701758
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        Text: English
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      – SubjectFull: Decision making
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Experimental design
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Speech perception
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Intelligibility of speech
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      – SubjectFull: Phonological awareness
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      – SubjectFull: Analysis of variance
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      – SubjectFull: Facial expression
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      – SubjectFull: Phonetics
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      – SubjectFull: Reaction time
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      – SubjectFull: Repeated measures design
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      – TitleFull: Seeing the initial articulatory gestures of a word triggers lexical access.
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            NameFull: Fort, Mathilde
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            NameFull: Kandel, Sonia
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            NameFull: Chipot, Justine
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            NameFull: Savariaux, Christophe
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              M: 10
              Text: Oct2013
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              Y: 2013
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