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Cross-language activation in same-script and different-script trilinguals.

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Title: Cross-language activation in same-script and different-script trilinguals.
Authors: Poarch, Gregory J., van Hell, Janet G.
Source: International Journal of Bilingualism. Dec2014, Vol. 18 Issue 6, p693-716. 24p.
Subject Terms: *Bilingualism, Bilingual communication in organizations, Russian language ability testing, German language ability testing, Bilingualism in children
Abstract: In a picture naming study, we examined cross-language activation during speech production in three groups of trilinguals: L3-immersed German–English–Dutch, non-L3-immersed Dutch–English–German, and L3-immersed Russian–English–German trilinguals. All trilinguals named pictures with cognate and non-cognate names in their L2 and their L3. Specifically, we examined cognate effects in same-script trilinguals who were either immersed or not immersed in their L3 and trilinguals whose first language (Russian) differs in script from their other two languages (German, English) to address the questions (1) whether, as non-target language knowledge is co-activated, cognate effects accrue across languages during word production, and (2) whether immersion in L3 is a modulating factor in cross-language activation. We found cognate facilitation in the same-script trilinguals across all languages, although with patterns modulated by the trilinguals’ L3-immersion status and L3 proficiency, corroborating and extending earlier findings in bilingual adults and children. Critically, we also found cognate effects in the different-script trilinguals when the pictures had cognate names in all three languages, indicating that the L1 Russian phonology was activated during naming in L2 English when L3 German was also present, and vice versa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of International Journal of Bilingualism is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Education Research Complete
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  Data: Cross-language activation in same-script and different-script trilinguals.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Poarch%2C+Gregory+J%2E%22">Poarch, Gregory J.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22van+Hell%2C+Janet+G%2E%22">van Hell, Janet G.</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22International+Journal+of+Bilingualism%22">International Journal of Bilingualism</searchLink>. Dec2014, Vol. 18 Issue 6, p693-716. 24p.
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  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Bilingualism%22">Bilingualism</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Bilingual+communication+in+organizations%22">Bilingual communication in organizations</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Russian+language+ability+testing%22">Russian language ability testing</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22German+language+ability+testing%22">German language ability testing</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Bilingualism+in+children%22">Bilingualism in children</searchLink>
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  Data: In a picture naming study, we examined cross-language activation during speech production in three groups of trilinguals: L3-immersed German–English–Dutch, non-L3-immersed Dutch–English–German, and L3-immersed Russian–English–German trilinguals. All trilinguals named pictures with cognate and non-cognate names in their L2 and their L3. Specifically, we examined cognate effects in same-script trilinguals who were either immersed or not immersed in their L3 and trilinguals whose first language (Russian) differs in script from their other two languages (German, English) to address the questions (1) whether, as non-target language knowledge is co-activated, cognate effects accrue across languages during word production, and (2) whether immersion in L3 is a modulating factor in cross-language activation. We found cognate facilitation in the same-script trilinguals across all languages, although with patterns modulated by the trilinguals’ L3-immersion status and L3 proficiency, corroborating and extending earlier findings in bilingual adults and children. Critically, we also found cognate effects in the different-script trilinguals when the pictures had cognate names in all three languages, indicating that the L1 Russian phonology was activated during naming in L2 English when L3 German was also present, and vice versa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of International Journal of Bilingualism is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Text: English
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      – SubjectFull: Russian language ability testing
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      – SubjectFull: German language ability testing
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              Text: Dec2014
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