Divergent controls on surface and thermal offsets in permafrost across the three poles. - Liu, Jia; Luo, Dongliang; Wu, Qingbai; Dobiński, Wojciech; Jin, Huijun; Makarieva, Olga; Chen, Fangfang; Li, Shizhen; Șerban, Raul-D. (NPJ Climate & Atmospheric Science, 2025)