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Detection of hydrocarbon microseepage-induced anomalies by spectral enhancements of Landsat 7 ETM+ images in part of Assam–Arakan Fold Belt, India.

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Title: Detection of hydrocarbon microseepage-induced anomalies by spectral enhancements of Landsat 7 ETM+ images in part of Assam–Arakan Fold Belt, India.
Authors: Garain, Santosh1 (AUTHOR), Mitra, Debashis2 (AUTHOR), Das, Pranab3 (AUTHOR) pranab@iitism.ac.in
Source: Journal of Petroleum Exploration & Production Technology. Dec2019, Vol. 9 Issue 4, p2573-2582. 10p.
Subject Terms: *Orogenic belts, *Carbonate minerals, *Red beds, *Multiple correspondence analysis (Statistics), *Hydrocarbons, *Hydrothermal alteration, *Background radiation
Geographic Terms: India
Abstract: Subsurface hydrocarbon traps are not correctly sealed, and hydrocarbons move vertically from the reservoir as invisible traces in the form of microseepages. Long-term hydrocarbon microseepages cause surface or near-surface alterations such as bleaching of red beds, enrichment of ferrous iron minerals and higher concentrations of clay and carbonate minerals in soils/rocks. Multi- and hyperspectral remote sensing data have successfully been used to detect such alterations in many parts of the world. In India, such studies have not been carried out till now. In this study, Landsat 7 ETM+ images have been used to find out hydrocarbon microseepage-bearing areas in part of Assam–Arakan Fold Belt in the northeastern part of India. Based on the spectral characteristics of the hydrocarbon microseepage-induced altered minerals, two spectral enhancement techniques, viz. principal component analysis (PCA) and band ratio analysis, have been carried out on the Landsat 7 ETM+ images. PCA reveals that three principal component images—1457PC3, 1345PC2 and 3457PC4—show relatively better enhancement for the hydrocarbon-bearing alteration areas. Again, band ratio analysis of the images indicates that ratio images—3/1, (2 + 5)/(3 + 4) and 7/5—show excellent spectral enhancement for the hydrocarbon-induced mineral alterations. The three PC images have been combined with the three band ratio images to find out probable hydrocarbon microseepage areas. The remote sensing-derived prospect areas have been validated with surface geochemical, seismic/geologic and gravity data available in the area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Database: Energy & Power Source
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Header DbId: enr
DbLabel: Energy & Power Source
An: 139655047
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Items – Name: Title
  Label: Title
  Group: Ti
  Data: Detection of hydrocarbon microseepage-induced anomalies by spectral enhancements of Landsat 7 ETM+ images in part of Assam–Arakan Fold Belt, India.
– Name: Author
  Label: Authors
  Group: Au
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Garain%2C+Santosh%22">Garain, Santosh</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Mitra%2C+Debashis%22">Mitra, Debashis</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Das%2C+Pranab%22">Das, Pranab</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> pranab@iitism.ac.in</i>
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  Label: Source
  Group: Src
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+Petroleum+Exploration+%26+Production+Technology%22">Journal of Petroleum Exploration & Production Technology</searchLink>. Dec2019, Vol. 9 Issue 4, p2573-2582. 10p.
– Name: Subject
  Label: Subject Terms
  Group: Su
  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Orogenic+belts%22">Orogenic belts</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Carbonate+minerals%22">Carbonate minerals</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Red+beds%22">Red beds</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Multiple+correspondence+analysis+%28Statistics%29%22">Multiple correspondence analysis (Statistics)</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Hydrocarbons%22">Hydrocarbons</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Hydrothermal+alteration%22">Hydrothermal alteration</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Background+radiation%22">Background radiation</searchLink>
– Name: SubjectGeographic
  Label: Geographic Terms
  Group: Su
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22India%22">India</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Subsurface hydrocarbon traps are not correctly sealed, and hydrocarbons move vertically from the reservoir as invisible traces in the form of microseepages. Long-term hydrocarbon microseepages cause surface or near-surface alterations such as bleaching of red beds, enrichment of ferrous iron minerals and higher concentrations of clay and carbonate minerals in soils/rocks. Multi- and hyperspectral remote sensing data have successfully been used to detect such alterations in many parts of the world. In India, such studies have not been carried out till now. In this study, Landsat 7 ETM+ images have been used to find out hydrocarbon microseepage-bearing areas in part of Assam–Arakan Fold Belt in the northeastern part of India. Based on the spectral characteristics of the hydrocarbon microseepage-induced altered minerals, two spectral enhancement techniques, viz. principal component analysis (PCA) and band ratio analysis, have been carried out on the Landsat 7 ETM+ images. PCA reveals that three principal component images—1457PC3, 1345PC2 and 3457PC4—show relatively better enhancement for the hydrocarbon-bearing alteration areas. Again, band ratio analysis of the images indicates that ratio images—3/1, (2 + 5)/(3 + 4) and 7/5—show excellent spectral enhancement for the hydrocarbon-induced mineral alterations. The three PC images have been combined with the three band ratio images to find out probable hydrocarbon microseepage areas. The remote sensing-derived prospect areas have been validated with surface geochemical, seismic/geologic and gravity data available in the area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1007/s13202-019-00747-w
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 10
        StartPage: 2573
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Orogenic belts
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Carbonate minerals
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Red beds
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Multiple correspondence analysis (Statistics)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Hydrocarbons
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Hydrothermal alteration
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Background radiation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: India
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Detection of hydrocarbon microseepage-induced anomalies by spectral enhancements of Landsat 7 ETM+ images in part of Assam–Arakan Fold Belt, India.
        Type: main
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      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Garain, Santosh
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          Name:
            NameFull: Mitra, Debashis
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Das, Pranab
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          Dates:
            – D: 01
              M: 12
              Text: Dec2019
              Type: published
              Y: 2019
          Identifiers:
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              Value: 21900558
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              Value: 9
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              Value: 4
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            – TitleFull: Journal of Petroleum Exploration & Production Technology
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