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The nexus between urbanization, road infrastructure, and transport energy demand: empirical evidence from Pakistan.

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Title: The nexus between urbanization, road infrastructure, and transport energy demand: empirical evidence from Pakistan.
Authors: Wang, Zhaohua1,2,3,4,5 (AUTHOR), Ahmed, Zahoor1 (AUTHOR), Zhang, Bin1,2,3,4,5 (AUTHOR), Wang, Bo1,2 (AUTHOR) 51022080@hotmail.com
Source: Environmental Science & Pollution Research. Dec2019, Vol. 26 Issue 34, p34884-34895. 12p.
Subject Terms: *Rural-urban migration, *Energy conservation, *Urbanization, *Energy consumption, *Fossil fuels
Geographic Terms: Pakistan
Abstract: Transport sector of Pakistan contributes more than one half to the national energy consumption. This sector is dominated by road transportation and mainly relies on fossil fuels. The country is going through rapid unplanned urbanization, which can lead to detrimental health and ecological consequences by intensifying road transport energy consumption. Therefore, the current study investigates the effect of urbanization on road sector energy consumption controlling for economic growth, road infrastructure, and industrialization. The autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach is used to examine the long-run and short-run relationship between variables over the period 1971 to 2018. The vector error correction model (VECM) is employed to analyze the causality between variables. The results disclose a significant positive contribution of urbanization to road sector energy consumption. Further, road infrastructure, economic growth, and industrialization stimulate road transport energy consumption. Feedback effect exists between urbanization and road transport energy consumption, while economic growth Granger causes road sector energy consumption, urbanization, and road infrastructure. The findings imply that energy conservation and sustainable urbanization policies are a better choice under the current economic situation. Also, road infrastructure development in rural areas may reduce rural to urban migration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Database: Energy & Power Source
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Header DbId: enr
DbLabel: Energy & Power Source
An: 140231164
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  Label: Title
  Group: Ti
  Data: The nexus between urbanization, road infrastructure, and transport energy demand: empirical evidence from Pakistan.
– Name: Author
  Label: Authors
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wang%2C+Zhaohua%22">Wang, Zhaohua</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2,3,4,5</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ahmed%2C+Zahoor%22">Ahmed, Zahoor</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zhang%2C+Bin%22">Zhang, Bin</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2,3,4,5</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wang%2C+Bo%22">Wang, Bo</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> 51022080@hotmail.com</i>
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  Label: Source
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Environmental+Science+%26+Pollution+Research%22">Environmental Science & Pollution Research</searchLink>. Dec2019, Vol. 26 Issue 34, p34884-34895. 12p.
– Name: Subject
  Label: Subject Terms
  Group: Su
  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Rural-urban+migration%22">Rural-urban migration</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Energy+conservation%22">Energy conservation</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Urbanization%22">Urbanization</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Energy+consumption%22">Energy consumption</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Fossil+fuels%22">Fossil fuels</searchLink>
– Name: SubjectGeographic
  Label: Geographic Terms
  Group: Su
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Pakistan%22">Pakistan</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Transport sector of Pakistan contributes more than one half to the national energy consumption. This sector is dominated by road transportation and mainly relies on fossil fuels. The country is going through rapid unplanned urbanization, which can lead to detrimental health and ecological consequences by intensifying road transport energy consumption. Therefore, the current study investigates the effect of urbanization on road sector energy consumption controlling for economic growth, road infrastructure, and industrialization. The autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach is used to examine the long-run and short-run relationship between variables over the period 1971 to 2018. The vector error correction model (VECM) is employed to analyze the causality between variables. The results disclose a significant positive contribution of urbanization to road sector energy consumption. Further, road infrastructure, economic growth, and industrialization stimulate road transport energy consumption. Feedback effect exists between urbanization and road transport energy consumption, while economic growth Granger causes road sector energy consumption, urbanization, and road infrastructure. The findings imply that energy conservation and sustainable urbanization policies are a better choice under the current economic situation. Also, road infrastructure development in rural areas may reduce rural to urban migration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1007/s11356-019-06542-8
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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      Pagination:
        PageCount: 12
        StartPage: 34884
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Rural-urban migration
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Energy conservation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Urbanization
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Energy consumption
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Fossil fuels
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Pakistan
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: The nexus between urbanization, road infrastructure, and transport energy demand: empirical evidence from Pakistan.
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            NameFull: Wang, Zhaohua
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            NameFull: Ahmed, Zahoor
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            NameFull: Zhang, Bin
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            NameFull: Wang, Bo
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          Dates:
            – D: 15
              M: 12
              Text: Dec2019
              Type: published
              Y: 2019
          Identifiers:
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              Value: 09441344
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              Value: 26
            – Type: issue
              Value: 34
          Titles:
            – TitleFull: Environmental Science & Pollution Research
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