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Evaporative Cooling Options for Building Air-Conditioning: A Comprehensive Study for Climatic Conditions of Multan (Pakistan).

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Title: Evaporative Cooling Options for Building Air-Conditioning: A Comprehensive Study for Climatic Conditions of Multan (Pakistan).
Authors: Noor, Shazia1,2 (AUTHOR) shazianoor@bzu.edu.pk, Ashraf, Hadeed1 (AUTHOR) hadeedashraf15@gmail.com, Sultan, Muhammad1 (AUTHOR) muhammadsultan@bzu.edu.pk, Khan, Zahid Mahmood1 (AUTHOR)
Source: Energies (19961073). Jun2020, Vol. 13 Issue 12, p3061. 1p. 2 Diagrams, 1 Chart, 11 Graphs, 1 Map.
Subject Terms: *Thermal comfort, *Human comfort, *Industrialized building, *Air conditioning, *Energy consumption
Geographic Terms: Pakistan
Abstract: This study provides comprehensive details of evaporative cooling options for building air-conditioning (AC) in Multan (Pakistan). Standalone evaporative cooling and standalone vapor compression AC (VCAC) systems are commonly used in Pakistan. Therefore, seven AC system configurations comprising of direct evaporative cooling (DEC), indirect evaporative cooling (IEC), VCAC, and their possible combinations, are explored for the climatic conditions of Multan. The study aims to explore the optimum AC system configuration for the building AC from the viewpoints of cooling capacity, system performance, energy consumption, and CO2 emissions. A simulation model was designed in DesignBuilder and simulated using EnergyPlus in order to optimize the applicability of the proposed systems. The standalone VCAC and hybrid IEC-VCAC & IEC-DEC-VCAC system configurations could achieve the desired human thermal comfort. The standalone DEC resulted in a maximum COP of 4.5, whereas, it was 2.1 in case of the hybrid IEC-DEC-VCAC system. The hybrid IEC-DEC-VCAC system achieved maximum temperature gradient (21 °C) and relatively less CO2 emissions as compared to standalone VCAC. In addition, it provided maximum cooling capacity (184 kW for work input of 100 kW), which is 85% higher than the standalone DEC system. Furthermore, it achieved neutral to slightly cool human thermal comfort i.e., 0 to −1 predicted mean vote and 30% of predicted percentage dissatisfied. Thus, the study concludes the hybrid IEC-DEC-VCAC as an optimum configuration for building AC in Multan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Database: Energy & Power Source
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Header DbId: enr
DbLabel: Energy & Power Source
An: 144376708
AccessLevel: 6
PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
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  Label: Title
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  Data: Evaporative Cooling Options for Building Air-Conditioning: A Comprehensive Study for Climatic Conditions of Multan (Pakistan).
– Name: Author
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Noor%2C+Shazia%22">Noor, Shazia</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> shazianoor@bzu.edu.pk</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ashraf%2C+Hadeed%22">Ashraf, Hadeed</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> hadeedashraf15@gmail.com</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Sultan%2C+Muhammad%22">Sultan, Muhammad</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> muhammadsultan@bzu.edu.pk</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Khan%2C+Zahid+Mahmood%22">Khan, Zahid Mahmood</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Energies+%2819961073%29%22">Energies (19961073)</searchLink>. Jun2020, Vol. 13 Issue 12, p3061. 1p. 2 Diagrams, 1 Chart, 11 Graphs, 1 Map.
– Name: Subject
  Label: Subject Terms
  Group: Su
  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Thermal+comfort%22">Thermal comfort</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Human+comfort%22">Human comfort</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Industrialized+building%22">Industrialized building</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Air+conditioning%22">Air conditioning</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Energy+consumption%22">Energy consumption</searchLink>
– Name: SubjectGeographic
  Label: Geographic Terms
  Group: Su
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Pakistan%22">Pakistan</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: This study provides comprehensive details of evaporative cooling options for building air-conditioning (AC) in Multan (Pakistan). Standalone evaporative cooling and standalone vapor compression AC (VCAC) systems are commonly used in Pakistan. Therefore, seven AC system configurations comprising of direct evaporative cooling (DEC), indirect evaporative cooling (IEC), VCAC, and their possible combinations, are explored for the climatic conditions of Multan. The study aims to explore the optimum AC system configuration for the building AC from the viewpoints of cooling capacity, system performance, energy consumption, and CO2 emissions. A simulation model was designed in DesignBuilder and simulated using EnergyPlus in order to optimize the applicability of the proposed systems. The standalone VCAC and hybrid IEC-VCAC & IEC-DEC-VCAC system configurations could achieve the desired human thermal comfort. The standalone DEC resulted in a maximum COP of 4.5, whereas, it was 2.1 in case of the hybrid IEC-DEC-VCAC system. The hybrid IEC-DEC-VCAC system achieved maximum temperature gradient (21 °C) and relatively less CO2 emissions as compared to standalone VCAC. In addition, it provided maximum cooling capacity (184 kW for work input of 100 kW), which is 85% higher than the standalone DEC system. Furthermore, it achieved neutral to slightly cool human thermal comfort i.e., 0 to −1 predicted mean vote and 30% of predicted percentage dissatisfied. Thus, the study concludes the hybrid IEC-DEC-VCAC as an optimum configuration for building AC in Multan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.3390/en13123061
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        StartPage: 3061
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      – SubjectFull: Thermal comfort
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Human comfort
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Industrialized building
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Air conditioning
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Energy consumption
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Pakistan
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Evaporative Cooling Options for Building Air-Conditioning: A Comprehensive Study for Climatic Conditions of Multan (Pakistan).
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            NameFull: Noor, Shazia
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            NameFull: Ashraf, Hadeed
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            NameFull: Sultan, Muhammad
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            NameFull: Khan, Zahid Mahmood
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            – D: 15
              M: 06
              Text: Jun2020
              Type: published
              Y: 2020
          Identifiers:
            – Type: issn-print
              Value: 19961073
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              Value: 13
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              Value: 12
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            – TitleFull: Energies (19961073)
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