An investigation into the roles of chlorides and sulphate salts on the performance of low-salinity injection in sandstone reservoirs: experimental approach.
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| Title: | An investigation into the roles of chlorides and sulphate salts on the performance of low-salinity injection in sandstone reservoirs: experimental approach. |
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| Authors: | Al-Otaibi, Athari1,2 (AUTHOR) a.al-otaibi@edu.salford.ac.uk |
| Source: | Journal of Petroleum Exploration & Production Technology. Oct2020, Vol. 10 Issue 7, p2857-2871. 15p. |
| Subject Terms: | *Oil field flooding, *Enhanced oil recovery, *Chloride ions, *Sandstone, *Chlorides, *Sulfates, *Reservoirs |
| Geographic Terms: | Kuwait |
| Abstract: | Numerous studies have been carried out to ascertain the mechanisms of low-salinity and smart water flooding technique for improved oil recovery. Focus was often on brine composition and, specifically, the cationic content in sandstone reservoirs. Given the importance of the salt composition and concentration, tweaking the active ions which are responsible for the fluids–rock equilibrium will bring into effect numerous mechanisms of displacement which have been extensively debated. This experimental study, however, was carried out to evaluate the extent of the roles of chloride- and sulphate-based brines in improved oil recovery. To carry this out, 70,000 ppm sulphates- and chloride-based brines were prepared to simulate formation water and 5000 ppm brines of the same species as low-salinity displacement fluids. Core flooding process was used to simulate the displacement of oil by using four (4) native sandstones core samples, obtained from Burgan oil field in Kuwait, at operating conditions of 1500 psig and 50 °C. The core samples were injected with 70,000 ppm chloride and sulphates and subsequently flooded with the 5000 ppm counterparts in a forced imbibition process. Separate evaluations of chloride- and sulphate-based brines were carried out to investigate the displacement efficiencies of each brine species. The results showed that in both high- and low-salinity displacement tests, the SO4 brine presented better recovery of up to 89% of the initial oil saturation (Soi). Several mechanisms of displacement were observed to be responsible for improved recovery during SO4 brine displacement. IFT measurement experiments also confirmed that there was reduction in IFT at test conditions between SO4 brine and oil and visual inspection of the effluent showed a degree emulsification of oil and brines. Changes in pH were observed in the low-salinity flooding, and negligible changes were noticed in the high-salinity floods. These results provide an insight into the roles of chloride and sulphate ions in the design of smart "designer" water and low-salinity injection scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Database: | Energy & Power Source |
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| Header | DbId: enr DbLabel: Energy & Power Source An: 145347664 AccessLevel: 6 PubType: Academic Journal PubTypeId: academicJournal PreciseRelevancyScore: 0 |
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| Items | – Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: An investigation into the roles of chlorides and sulphate salts on the performance of low-salinity injection in sandstone reservoirs: experimental approach. – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Al-Otaibi%2C+Athari%22">Al-Otaibi, Athari</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> a.al-otaibi@edu.salford.ac.uk</i> – Name: TitleSource Label: Source Group: Src Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+Petroleum+Exploration+%26+Production+Technology%22">Journal of Petroleum Exploration & Production Technology</searchLink>. Oct2020, Vol. 10 Issue 7, p2857-2871. 15p. – Name: Subject Label: Subject Terms Group: Su Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Oil+field+flooding%22">Oil field flooding</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Enhanced+oil+recovery%22">Enhanced oil recovery</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Chloride+ions%22">Chloride ions</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sandstone%22">Sandstone</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Chlorides%22">Chlorides</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sulfates%22">Sulfates</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Reservoirs%22">Reservoirs</searchLink> – Name: SubjectGeographic Label: Geographic Terms Group: Su Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Kuwait%22">Kuwait</searchLink> – Name: Abstract Label: Abstract Group: Ab Data: Numerous studies have been carried out to ascertain the mechanisms of low-salinity and smart water flooding technique for improved oil recovery. Focus was often on brine composition and, specifically, the cationic content in sandstone reservoirs. Given the importance of the salt composition and concentration, tweaking the active ions which are responsible for the fluids–rock equilibrium will bring into effect numerous mechanisms of displacement which have been extensively debated. This experimental study, however, was carried out to evaluate the extent of the roles of chloride- and sulphate-based brines in improved oil recovery. To carry this out, 70,000 ppm sulphates- and chloride-based brines were prepared to simulate formation water and 5000 ppm brines of the same species as low-salinity displacement fluids. Core flooding process was used to simulate the displacement of oil by using four (4) native sandstones core samples, obtained from Burgan oil field in Kuwait, at operating conditions of 1500 psig and 50 °C. The core samples were injected with 70,000 ppm chloride and sulphates and subsequently flooded with the 5000 ppm counterparts in a forced imbibition process. Separate evaluations of chloride- and sulphate-based brines were carried out to investigate the displacement efficiencies of each brine species. The results showed that in both high- and low-salinity displacement tests, the SO4 brine presented better recovery of up to 89% of the initial oil saturation (Soi). Several mechanisms of displacement were observed to be responsible for improved recovery during SO4 brine displacement. IFT measurement experiments also confirmed that there was reduction in IFT at test conditions between SO4 brine and oil and visual inspection of the effluent showed a degree emulsification of oil and brines. Changes in pH were observed in the low-salinity flooding, and negligible changes were noticed in the high-salinity floods. These results provide an insight into the roles of chloride and sulphate ions in the design of smart "designer" water and low-salinity injection scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
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| RecordInfo | BibRecord: BibEntity: Identifiers: – Type: doi Value: 10.1007/s13202-020-00972-8 Languages: – Code: eng Text: English PhysicalDescription: Pagination: PageCount: 15 StartPage: 2857 Subjects: – SubjectFull: Oil field flooding Type: general – SubjectFull: Enhanced oil recovery Type: general – SubjectFull: Chloride ions Type: general – SubjectFull: Sandstone Type: general – SubjectFull: Chlorides Type: general – SubjectFull: Sulfates Type: general – SubjectFull: Reservoirs Type: general – SubjectFull: Kuwait Type: general Titles: – TitleFull: An investigation into the roles of chlorides and sulphate salts on the performance of low-salinity injection in sandstone reservoirs: experimental approach. Type: main BibRelationships: HasContributorRelationships: – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Al-Otaibi, Athari IsPartOfRelationships: – BibEntity: Dates: – D: 01 M: 10 Text: Oct2020 Type: published Y: 2020 Identifiers: – Type: issn-print Value: 21900558 Numbering: – Type: volume Value: 10 – Type: issue Value: 7 Titles: – TitleFull: Journal of Petroleum Exploration & Production Technology Type: main |
| ResultId | 1 |
